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Actomyosin contractility controls cell surface area of oligodendrocytes.

ABSTRACT: To form myelin oligodendrocytes expand and wrap their plasma membrane multiple times around an axon. How is this expansion controlled?Here we show that cell surface area depends on actomyosin contractility and is regulated by physical properties of the supporting matrix. Moreover, we find that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), molecules associated with non-permissive growth properties within the central nervous system (CNS), block cell surface spreading. Most importantly, the inhibitory effects of CSPG on plasma membrane extension were completely prevented by treatment with inhibitors of actomyosin contractility and by RNAi mediated knockdown of myosin II. In addition, we found that reductions of plasma membrane area were accompanied by changes in the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis.In summary, our results establish a novel connection between endocytosis, cell surface extension and actomyosin contractility. These findings open up new possibilities of how to promote the morphological differentiation of oligodendrocytes in a non-permissive growth environment. See related minireview by Bauer and ffrench-Constant: http://www.jbiol.com/content/8/8/78.

SUBMITTER: Kippert A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2760528 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Actomyosin contractility controls cell surface area of oligodendrocytes.

Kippert Angelika A Fitzner Dirk D Helenius Jonne J Simons Mikael M

BMC cell biology 20090925

<h4>Background</h4>To form myelin oligodendrocytes expand and wrap their plasma membrane multiple times around an axon. How is this expansion controlled?<h4>Results</h4>Here we show that cell surface area depends on actomyosin contractility and is regulated by physical properties of the supporting matrix. Moreover, we find that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), molecules associated with non-permissive growth properties within the central nervous system (CNS), block cell surface spreading ...[more]

PMID: 19781079

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Project description:Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system and are localized at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites of the cell membrane. However, the mechanisms regulating the localization of nicotinic receptors in distinct domains of the cell membrane are not well understood. N-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that mediates homotypic binding between apposed cell membranes and regulates the actin cytoskeleton through protein interactions with the cytoplasmic domain. At synaptic contacts, N-cadherin is commonly localized adjacent to the active zone and the postsynaptic density, suggesting that N-cadherin contributes to the assembly of the synaptic complex. To examine whether N-cadherin homotypic binding regulates the cell surface localization of nicotinic receptors, this study used heterologous expression of N-cadherin and ?3?4 nAChR subunits C-terminally fused to a myc-tag epitope in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Expression levels of ?3?4 nAChRs at cell-cell contacts and at contact-free cell membrane were analyzed by confocal microscopy. ?3?4 nAChRs were found distributed over the entire surface of contacting cells lacking N-cadherin. In contrast, N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts were devoid of ?3?4 nAChRs. Cell-cell contacts mediated by N-cadherin-deleted proteins lacking the ?-catenin binding region or the entire cytoplasmic domain showed control levels of ?3?4 nAChRs expression. Inhibition of actin polymerization with latrunculin A and cytochalasin D did not affect ?3?4 nAChRs localization within N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts. However, treatment with the Rho associated kinase inhibitor Y27632 resulted in a significant increase in ?3?4 nAChR levels within N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts. Analysis of ?3?4 nAChRs localization in polarized Caco-2 cells showed specific expression on the apical cell membrane and colocalization with apical F-actin and the actin nucleator Arp3. These results indicate that actomyosin contractility downstream of N-cadherin homotypic binding regulates the cell surface localization of ?3?4 nAChRs presumably through interactions with a particular pool of F-actin.

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Actomyosin contractility controls cell surface area of oligodendrocytes.

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Actomyosin contractility controls cell surface area of oligodendrocytes.

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