Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Heikkinen PT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2823515 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Heikkinen Pekka T PT Nummela Marika M Leivonen Suvi-Katri SK Westermarck Jukka J Hill Caroline S CS Kähäri Veli-Matti VM Jaakkola Panu M PM
The Journal of biological chemistry 20091201 6
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) maintains epithelial homeostasis and suppresses early tumor formation, but paradoxically at later stages of tumor progression, TGF-beta promotes malignancy. TGF-beta activates phosphorylation of Smad2 and -3 effectors. Smad2 and -3 are known to have different functions, but differential regulation of their phosphorylation has not been described. Here we show that upon hypoxia, the TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 was inhibited, although Sma ...[more]