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Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root for cardioprotection from ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. METHODS:The in vitro antioxidant potential of the extract was in terms of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The in vivo antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed in an isolated rat heart model. RESULTS:Free radicals were scavenged by the extract in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all models. Administration of the ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root (100 mg per kg body weight) before global ischemia caused a significant improvement of cardiac function and a decrease in the release of lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent, as well as the level of malondialdehyde in myocardial tissues. CONCLUSION:The ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage in rats. The effects of the extract may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

SUBMITTER: Kurian GA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2831010 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts.

Kurian Gino A GA Suryanarayanan Srilalitha S Raman Archana A Padikkala Jose J

Chinese medicine 20100122

<h4>Background</h4>This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root for cardioprotection from ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress.<h4>Methods</h4>The in vitro antioxidant potential of the extract was in terms of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The in vivo antioxidant potential of the extract was ...[more]

PMID: 20180993

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of melatonin against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated rat hearts and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS:The isolated hearts from 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): the control group, where the hearts were perfused with KH solution for 175 min; IR group, where the hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min; IR+melatonin (Mel+IR) group, where melatonin (5 ?mol/L) was administered to the hearts 1 min before ischemia and during the first 5 min of reperfusion, followed by 115 min of reperfusion; and IR+2, 3-butanedione monoxime (IR+BDM) group, where the hearts were treated with BDM (20 mmol/L) in the same manner as melatonin treatment. Myocardial injury in the isolated hearts was assessed based on myocardial injury area, caspase-3 activity, and expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Cardiac contracture was assessed using HE staining and by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the coronary outflow, measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and electron microscopy. The content of ATP in the cardiac tissue was also determined. RESULTS:Compared with those in the control group, the isolated hearts in IR group showed significantly larger myocardial injury area and higher caspase-3 activity and the protein expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 with significantly increased LDH activity and cTnI content in the coronary outflow and elevated LVEDP at the end of reperfusion; HE staining showed obvious fractures of the myocardial fibers and the content of ATP was significantly decreased in the cardiac tissue; electron microscopy revealed the development of contraction bands. In the isolated hearts with IR, treatment with Mel or BDM significantly reduced the myocardial injury area, caspase-3 activity, and protein expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3, obviously inhibited LDH activity, lowered the content of cTnI and LVEDP, reduced myocardial fiber fracture, and increased ATP content in the cardiac tissue. Both Mel and BDM inhibited the formation of contraction bands in the isolated hearts with IR injury. CONCLUSIONS:Mel can alleviate myocardial IR injury in isolated rat hearts by inhibiting cardiac contracture, the mechanism of which may involve the upregulation of ATP in the cardiac myocytes to lessen the tear of membrane and reduce cell content leakage.

Project description:ObjectiveThe incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing yearly. With the use of thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction has been significantly reduced. However, reperfusion can cause additional myocardial injury. There is still a lack of effective drugs to treat I/R injury, and it is urgent to find new therapeutic drugs.MethodsIn this study, network pharmacology was used to predict potential targets and biological processes involved in Muscone-mediated treatment of acute myocardial infarction. To model ischemia‒reperfusion injury, a hypoxia-reoxygenation model and in vivo ischemia‒reperfusion injury C57BL/6 mice model was constructed. Mice were treated with Muscone i.p. for 4 weeks. We detected the cardiac function on day 28.The expression levels of the apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were detected by immunoblotting after Muscone treatment of AC16 cells and in vivo. Additionally, the gene expression levels of the PUMA and p53 were analyzed by qRT‒PCR. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding energy between Muscone and NLRP3-related proteins. Immunoblotting and qRT‒PCR were used to assess the expression levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1) and the NLRP3 gene, respectively. Moreover, the extracellular acidification rate of AC16 cells was measured using the Seahorse system to evaluate glycolysis levels after Muscone treatment. The expression of the key glycolytic enzyme PKM2 was analyzed by immunoblotting and qRT‒PCR. Finally, ChIP‒qPCR was performed to determine the levels of histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H2AK119Ub) in the PKM2 promoter region.ResultsGO functional enrichment analysis revealed that muscone was involved in regulating the biological processes (BP) of AMI, which mainly included negative regulation of the apoptosis signaling pathway, the response to lipopolysaccharide, and blood pressure regulation. The cellular components (CC) involved in muscone-mediated regulation of AMI mainly included lipid rafts, membrane microdomains, and membrane regions. The molecular functions (MF) involved in muscone-mediated regulation of AMI mainly included oxidoreductase activity, nuclear receptor activity, and transcription factor activity. In vitro results indicated that muscone treatment could inhibit the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 in AC16 cells after ischemia‒reperfusion while increasing the expression level of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Muscone significantly suppressed the transcription levels of p53 and PUMA in AC16 cells. Molecular docking suggested that muscone could bind well with the Cryo-EM structure of NEK7(PDB ID:6NPY). Further investigation of inflammatory pathways revealed that muscone could inhibit the expression level of NLRP3 in AC16 cells and reduce the expression levels of Caspase-1 and Caspase recruitment domain. Fluorescent quantitative PCR experiments showed that muscone significantly inhibited the transcription of NLRP3. Moreover, we found that muscone could enhance the glycolytic efficiency of AC16 cells, which may be related to the increased protein expression of PKM2 in AC16 cells. Fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that muscone could increase the transcription level of PKM2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that muscone treatment increased the expression level of H3K4me3 in the PKM2 promoter region and inhibited the levels of H3K27me3 and H2AK119Ub in the PKM2 promoter region.ConclusionMuscone promoted myocardial glycolysis and inhibited NLRP3 pathway activation to improve myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury.

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Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts.

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Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts.

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