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Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.

ABSTRACT: To examine if reductions in added sugar intake or increases in fiber intake in response to a 16-week intervention were related to improvements in metabolic outcomes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.Secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.Intervention classes at a lifestyle laboratory and metabolic measures at the General Clinical Research Center.Fifty-four overweight Latino adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.5 [1] years). Intervention Sixteen-week study with 3 groups: control, nutrition, or nutrition plus strength training.Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; visceral adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging; glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve by oral glucose tolerance test; insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, and disposition index by intravenous glucose tolerance test; and dietary intake by 3-day records.Fifty-five percent of all participants decreased added sugar intake (mean decrease, 47 g/d) and 59% increased fiber intake (mean increase, 5 g/d), and percentages were similar in all intervention groups, including controls. Those who decreased added sugar intake had an improvement in glucose incremental area under the curve (-15% vs +3%; P = .049) and insulin incremental area under the curve (-33% vs -9%; P = .02). Those who increased fiber intake had an improvement in body mass index (-2% vs +2%; P = .01) and visceral adipose tissue (-10% vs no change; P = .03).Individuals who reduced added sugar intake by the equivalent of 1 can of soda per day or increased fiber intake by the equivalent of a cup of beans showed improvements in key risk factors for type 2 diabetes, specifically in insulin secretion and visceral fat. Improvements occurred independent of group assignment and were equally likely to occur in control group participants.

SUBMITTER: Ventura E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2850811 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.

Ventura Emily E Davis Jaimie J Byrd-Williams Courtney C Alexander Katharine K McClain Arianna A Lane Christianne Joy CJ Spruijt-Metz Donna D Weigensberg Marc M Goran Michael M

Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 20090401 4

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine if reductions in added sugar intake or increases in fiber intake in response to a 16-week intervention were related to improvements in metabolic outcomes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.<h4>Design</h4>Secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.<h4>Setting</h4>Intervention classes at a lifestyle laboratory and metabolic measures at the General Clinical Research Center.<h4>Participants</h4>Fifty-four overweight Latino adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.5 [1] ...[more]

PMID: 19349560

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Project description:Objective: To investigate the effect of dietary fiber intake during pregnancy on the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women who are overweight/obese prior to pregnancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shanghai General Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 98 women who reported BMI≥24 kg/m2 prior to pregnancy were recruited before their 20th gestational week, and randomly (simple random allocation) assigned to the fiber supplement group (12 g of dietary fiber power twice daily) and the control group (standard prenatal care) from 20 to 24+6 gestational weeks. Both groups received nutrition education and dietary advice during the study. GDM diagnosis was performed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 25-28 weeks' gestation. Data are presented as means with SD, as medians with IQR, or as counts with percentages as appropriate. Comparisons were conducted using a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test, respectively. Results: The incidence of GDM was significantly reduced in the fiber supplement group compared with the control group: 8.3 vs. 24.0% (χ2 = 4.40, p = 0.036). At OGTT, the mean fasting plasma glucose in the fiber supplement group was significantly lower than before the intervention (4.57 ± 0.38 mmol/L vs. 4.41 ± 0.29 mmol/L, p < 0.01) but not in the control group (4.48 ± 0.42 mmol/L vs. 4.37 ± 0.58 mmol/L, p = 0.150). Compared with the control group, the TG and TG/HDL-C ratio levels in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.19 ± 0.54 mmol/L vs. 2.70 ± 0.82 mmol/L and 1.19 ± 0.49 vs.1.63 ± 0.63, respectively, all P＜0.05). The body weight gain was significantly lower in the fiber supplement group than the control group (1.99 ± 1.09 kg vs. 2.53 ± 1.20kg, p = 0.022). None of the women randomized to the fiber supplement group experienced preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) compared with 12.0% in the control group (p = 0.040). Excessive weight gain (total weight gain >11.5 kg for overweight, and >9.0 kg for obesity) occurred in 46.7% of women in the fiber supplement group compared with 68.0% in the control group (p = 0.035). There were no differences in other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Increased dietary fiber intake in pregnant women who were overweight/obese prior to pregnancy may reduce the risk of GDM, excessive weight gain, and preterm birth, but it did not improve blood lipids.

Dataset Information

Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.

Publications

Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.

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