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Adult versus adolescent onset of smoking: how are mood disorders and other risk factors involved?

ABSTRACT: AIMS:To examine the strength of association between smoking and mood disorders and the association between smoking and its traditional risk factors, comparing those who started smoking in adolescence with those who started smoking in early adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:The analyses relied on prospective data from the Zurich Study. This longitudinal community study started in 1979 with a stratified sample of 591 participants aged 20/21 years, weighted towards those with mental disorders. Follow-up interviews were conducted at ages 23, 28, 30, 35 and 41. MEASUREMENTS:In this analysis the adult versus adolescent onset of smoking was regressed on the cumulative prevalence of mood disorders, personality characteristics measured by the Freiburg Personality Inventory, common risk factors such as parental smoking, conduct and school problems, troubles with the family and basic socio-demographic variables (sex, education). FINDINGS:In the Zurich Study cohort we found that 61.6% were former or current smokers, of whom 87% started smoking before the age of 20 and 13% after the age of 20. Adolescent onset of smoking was associated strongly with later major depression, dysthymia or bipolar disorders and, furthermore, with parental smoking, extroverted personality and discipline problems and rebelliousness in youth. However, only depression and dysthymia were associated with adult onset smoking and other risk factors associated with smoking were not so associated in this group. CONCLUSIONS:Correlates of smoking onset in adolescence are mainly not applicable to the onset of smoking in young adulthood. Smoking onset beyond adolescence is an open research issue.

SUBMITTER: Ajdacic-Gross V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2909637 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adult versus adolescent onset of smoking: how are mood disorders and other risk factors involved?

Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta V Landolt Karin K Angst Jules J Gamma Alex A Merikangas Kathleen R KR Gutzwiller Felix F Rössler Wulf W

Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20090801 8

<h4>Aims</h4>To examine the strength of association between smoking and mood disorders and the association between smoking and its traditional risk factors, comparing those who started smoking in adolescence with those who started smoking in early adulthood.<h4>Design and participants</h4>The analyses relied on prospective data from the Zurich Study. This longitudinal community study started in 1979 with a stratified sample of 591 participants aged 20/21 years, weighted towards those with mental ...[more]

PMID: 19624327

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Project description:BackgroundMental health is an essential aspect of health and wellbeing that the general population often overlooks. This study aims to utilize a nationwide sample [Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid's Inpatient Database (KID)] to analyze the factors affecting inpatient mood disorder admissions in the United States.MethodsA total of 295,472 cases ages 1-20 were identified to meet the criteria (Appendix A) for the selected mood disorders from the HCUP KID 2016 dataset. We conducted descriptive statistics of the individual diagnosis. We evaluated the relationships with variables such as age (grouped), sex, region, disposition, household income, race, rural-urban demographics, and mean charges. We also conducted association tests for the variables of interest.ResultsAn average of six days LOS was observed for mood disorders compared to four days LOS for other pediatric inpatient admissions nationwide. The highest prevalence rate (per 100,000) of single (5050), recurrent (2284) episode MDD and bipolar disorder (2445) was observed among no charge (uninsured) populations. The native American population had the highest rate prevalence of single episode MDD (3274) and highest extreme and significant loss of function at presentation. The highest manic episode presentation rate was observed among Black (12) and Native American (9) populations. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder were higher among young adults (47 and 4554); teenagers (13-17) showed a higher presentation rate for all other mood disorders.ConclusionNo charge (uninsured), teenagers (13-17), females, native Americans, and south and midwest regions showed a higher rate of mood disorder presentations among the population. Understanding these variances could play a vital role in highlighting the need for new innovative care approaches. Comprehensive mental health programs in collaboration with educational and community organizations and other stakeholders could be vital to addressing mood and mental health among these populations. This approach tackles several social influencers such as stigma and support to ensure effectiveness and sustainability.conclusion.

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Adult versus adolescent onset of smoking: how are mood disorders and other risk factors involved?

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Adult versus adolescent onset of smoking: how are mood disorders and other risk factors involved?

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