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Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation.

ABSTRACT: Disorders of the anorectum and pelvic floor affect approximately 25% of the population. Their evaluation and treatment have been hindered by a lack of understanding of underlying mechanism(s) and a working knowledge of the diagnostic advances in this field. A meticulous evaluation of anorectal structure and its function can provide invaluable insights to the practicing gastroenterologist regarding the pathogenic mechanism(s) of these disorders. Also, significant new knowledge has emerged over the past decade that includes the development of newer diagnostic tools such as high-resolution manometry and magnetic resonance defecography as well as a better delineation of the clinical and pathophysiologic subtypes of constipation and incontinence. This article provides an up-to-date review on the role of diagnostic tests in the evaluation of fecal incontinence and constipation with dyssynergic defecation.

SUBMITTER: Rao SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2964406 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation.

Rao Satish S C SS

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 20100625 11

Disorders of the anorectum and pelvic floor affect approximately 25% of the population. Their evaluation and treatment have been hindered by a lack of understanding of underlying mechanism(s) and a working knowledge of the diagnostic advances in this field. A meticulous evaluation of anorectal structure and its function can provide invaluable insights to the practicing gastroenterologist regarding the pathogenic mechanism(s) of these disorders. Also, significant new knowledge has emerged over th ...[more]

PMID: 20601142

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Project description:BackgroundOffice-based biofeedback therapy is effective for constipation with dyssynergic defecation, but must be performed by skilled staff, is only available in selected centres, and requires multiple visits. The efficacy of home-based biofeedback therapy is unknown. We compared clinical and subjective outcomes with home-based and office-based approaches.MethodsIn this randomised controlled trial, eligible patients were adult outpatients (age 18-80 years) who met the Rome III criteria for functional constipation and who had been referred to a tertiary-care centre after non-response to routine management, and who had dyssynergic defecation. Patients were randomly assigned according to a schedule generated in advance by the study biostatistician, in permuted blocks of four, to receive office-based or home-based biofeedback therapy. Office-based biofeedback comprised therapist-guided pelvic floor training for six sessions over 3 months (visits every 2 weeks). Home-based biofeedback comprised 20 min self-training sessions twice per day, in which a self-inserted probe was used to provide visual feedback via a handheld monitoring device of anal sphincter pressure and push effort. Patients recorded in diaries the time of each defecation attempt, stool consistency, straining effort, feeling of incomplete evacuation, need for digital assistance with stooling, and satisfaction with bowel function, from 1 week before enrolment to the end of follow-up. Treatment responders were defined post hoc as those with normalisation of dyssynergic defecation and an increase in the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements per week by 3 months. Cost outcomes calculated from health-care costs and loss of salary were assessed from hospital billing and medical records and questionnaires. Primary outcome measures were the presence of a dyssynergic pattern during attempted defecation, balloon expulsion time, the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements per week, and satisfaction with bowel function, assessed by intention to treat (non-inferiority) and per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03202771.FindingsOf 300 patients screened we enrolled 100, from Jan 7, 2005, to Jan 31, 2010. 83 patients completed training (38 [76%] of 50 in the home-based biofeedback group and 45 [90%] of 50 in the office-based biofeedback group). 34 (68%) patients in the home-based group and 35 (70%) in the office-based group were classified as responders. All primary outcomes improved significantly from baseline in the two treatment groups (all p<0·0001). Home-based biofeedback therapy was non-inferior to office-based therapy for number of complete spontaneous bowel movements per week, satisfaction with bowel function, and balloon expulsion time in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, and for dyssynergia in the per-protocol analysis. No adverse events were reported. The median cost of home-based biofeedback therapy was significantly lower than that for office-based treatment (US$1081·70, IQR 794·90-1399·30 vs $1942·50, 1621·70-2369·00, p=0·009).InterpretationHome-based and office-based biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation improved bowel symptoms and physiology with similar efficacy. A home-based programme could substantially broaden the availability and use of this treatment.FundingNational Institutes of Health.

Project description:Introduction and hypothesisTo evaluate change in fecal incontinence symptom severity after 8 weeks of darifenacin therapy in patients with double incontinence-urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and fecal incontinence. Important secondary outcomes included fecal incontinence symptom distress and impact on quality of life, fecal incontinence episodes, global impression of improvement and overactive bladder symptom distress and impact.MethodsProspective open-label cohort study of women presenting primarily with UUI, diagnosed with double incontinence and electing antimuscarinic therapy for UUI. Women ≥ 18 years with moderate or greater bothersome UUI and fecal incontinence of liquid/solid stool with St. Marks (Vaizey) score ≥ 12 were included. Subjects were treated with darifenacin 15 mg daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was change in fecal incontinence symptom severity using the St. Marks (Vaizey) score after 8 weeks. Sample size was based on the minimally important difference of the St. Marks, -5, and standard deviation, ± 8.5; 30 subjects provided 80% power and type I error of 0.05, including a 15% attrition rate.ResultsThirty-two women were consented with mean baseline St. Marks (Vaizey) score of 18.0 ± 3.0. Mean age was 66.5 ± 10.3 years. Twenty-eight subjects (29/32, 87.5%) completed assessments. St. Marks (Vaizey) score significantly improved from 18.0 to 11.0 [mean difference - 7.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.7, -5.3], and 19 subjects (19/32,67.9%) met the minimally important difference. Statistically significant improvements were also noted in fecal incontinence frequency, quality of life, and overactive bladder symptom bother and quality of life (all p < 0.01).ConclusionsDarifenacin can be considered a highly effective early intervention in women suffering from double incontinence.Clinical trial registrationBladder Antimuscarinic Medication and Accidental Bowel Leakage (BAMA), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03543566 , NCT03543566.

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Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation.

Publications

Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation.

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