Dataset Information

The DNA methylome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

ABSTRACT: DNA methylation plays an important role in biological processes in human health and disease. Recent technological advances allow unbiased whole-genome DNA methylation (methylome) analysis to be carried out on human cells. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing at 24.7-fold coverage (12.3-fold per strand), we report a comprehensive (92.62%) methylome and analysis of the unique sequences in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the same Asian individual whose genome was deciphered in the YH project. PBMC constitute an important source for clinical blood tests world-wide. We found that 68.4% of CpG sites and <0.2% of non-CpG sites were methylated, demonstrating that non-CpG cytosine methylation is minor in human PBMC. Analysis of the PBMC methylome revealed a rich epigenomic landscape for 20 distinct genomic features, including regulatory, protein-coding, non-coding, RNA-coding, and repeat sequences. Integration of our methylome data with the YH genome sequence enabled a first comprehensive assessment of allele-specific methylation (ASM) between the two haploid methylomes of any individual and allowed the identification of 599 haploid differentially methylated regions (hDMRs) covering 287 genes. Of these, 76 genes had hDMRs within 2 kb of their transcriptional start sites of which >80% displayed allele-specific expression (ASE). These data demonstrate that ASM is a recurrent phenomenon and is highly correlated with ASE in human PBMCs. Together with recently reported similar studies, our study provides a comprehensive resource for future epigenomic research and confirms new sequencing technology as a paradigm for large-scale epigenomics studies.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2976721 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The DNA methylome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Li Yingrui Y Zhu Jingde J Tian Geng G Li Ning N Li Qibin Q Ye Mingzhi M Zheng Hancheng H Yu Jian J Wu Honglong H Sun Jihua J Zhang Hongyu H Chen Quan Q Luo Ruibang R Chen Minfeng M He Yinghua Y Jin Xin X Zhang Qinghui Q Yu Chang C Zhou Guangyu G Sun Jinfeng J Huang Yebo Y Zheng Huisong H Cao Hongzhi H Zhou Xiaoyu X Guo Shicheng S Hu Xueda X Li Xin X Kristiansen Karsten K Bolund Lars L Xu Jiujin J Wang Wen W Yang Huanming H Wang Jian J Li Ruiqiang R Beck Stephan S Wang Jun J Zhang Xiuqing X

PLoS biology 20101109 11

DNA methylation plays an important role in biological processes in human health and disease. Recent technological advances allow unbiased whole-genome DNA methylation (methylome) analysis to be carried out on human cells. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing at 24.7-fold coverage (12.3-fold per strand), we report a comprehensive (92.62%) methylome and analysis of the unique sequences in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the same Asian individual whose genome was deciphered ...[more]

PMID: 21085693

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Project description:DNA methylation plays a vital role in genome dynamics and, in the human genome, occurs predominantly at cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites. The diploid haploid human genome analysed here contains around 2060 million CpG sites (methylome) where DNA methylation can vary, affecting many biological processes in health and disease. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we report the essentially complete (92.6282%) methylome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which constitute an important source for clinical blood tests world-wide. We find the majority of CpG sites (68.4% at false positive rate of 0.46%) and only <0.2% of non-CpG sites to be methylated, demonstrating that non-CpG cytosine methylation is negligible in human PBMC. Analysis of the PBMC methylome revealed a rich landscape of epigenomic data for 20 distinct features including regulatory, protein-coding, RNA gene coding, non-coding and repeat sequences. Alu element mobility, for instance, was found to negatively correlate with their methylation levels, emphasizing the critical role of DNA methylation in genome stability. Integration of our methylome data with the previously determined genome sequence of the same Asian individual analysed here, enabled a first assessment of allele-specific methylation (ASM) differences between the two haploid methylomes of any individual. Using a conservative cut-off (p <0.001), we identified 599 haploid differentially methylated regions (hDMRs) covering 287 genes. Of these, 76 genes had hDMRs within 2kb of their transcriptional start sites of which >80% displayed allele-specific expression (ASE) after random testing using TA clone sequencing of the same PBMC sample. These data show, that ASM is a recurrent phenomenon and highly correlated with ASE, suggesting that imprinting may be more common than previously thought. Our study not only provides a comprehensive resource for future epigenomic research but also demonstrates a paradigm of large-scale epigenomics studies through new sequencing technology.

Project description:Background Several reports have provided crucial evidence in animal models that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, may be involved in psychostimulant-induced stable changes at the cellular level in the brain. Epigenetic editors DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TETs) coordinate expression of gene networks, which then manifest as long-term behavioural changes. However, the extent to which aberrant DNA methylation is involved in the mechanisms of substance use disorder in humans is unclear. We previously demonstrated that cocaine modifies gene transcription, via DNA methylation, throughout the brain and in peripheral blood cells in mice. Results We treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy male donors (n = 18) in vitro with psychostimulants (amphetamine, cocaine). After treatment, we assessed mRNA levels and enzymatic activities of TETs and DNMTs, conducted genome-wide DNA methylation assays and next-generation sequencing. We found that repeated exposure to psychostimulants decreased mRNA levels and enzymatic activity of TETs and 5-hydroxymethylation levels in PBMCs. These data were in line with observed hyper- and hypomethylation and mRNA expression of marker genes (IL-10, ATP2B4). Additionally, we evaluated whether the effects of cocaine on epigenetic editors (DNMTs and TETs) and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 could be reversed by the DNMT inhibitor decitabine. Indeed, decitabine eliminated cocaine’s effect on the activity of TETs and DNMTs and decreased cytokine levels, whereas cocaine increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10. Conclusions Our data suggest that repeated psychostimulant exposure decreases TETs’ enzymatic activity in PBMCs. Co-treatment with decitabine reversed TETs’ levels and modulated immune response after repeated cocaine exposure. Further investigation is needed to clarify if TET could represent a putative biomarker of psychostimulant use and if DNMT inhibition could have therapeutic potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01303-w.

Dataset Information

The DNA methylome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Publications

The DNA methylome of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

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