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Spatiotemporal expression pattern of ceramide kinase-like in the mouse retina.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: The CERKL gene encodes for ceramide kinase-like, a novel protein of unknown function. CERKL mutations are associated with a severe retinal phenotype. The purpose of this work was to investigate alternative splicing, and the temporal and spatial expression pattern of CERKL in the mouse retina. METHODS: Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mouse retina RNA was used to study the expression of Cerkl at various developmental time points, and to identify its various splice-isoforms. A specific anti-CERKL antibody was developed and used for immunostaining to study the localization of the endogenous CERKL protein in retina-derived cell lines and in the mouse retina. RESULTS: Cerkl is expressed in the mouse eye as early as embryonic day 14. A total of seven different Cerkl splice-isoforms were identified in the mouse retina. The subcellular localization of CERKL in retina-derived cell lines is variable: CERKL is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm, and in many cells, it is highly concentrated in the perinuclear region. In most, but not all cells, CERKL is also highly concentrated in the nucleus. In the mouse retina, CERKL is located in the ganglion cell layer, in amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer, and in photoreceptors. CERKL is highly expressed in cone photoreceptors; however, its expression level in rod photoreceptors is very low. In cultured cells, CERKL is detected in the nucleus, but in retinal cells in situ, it is mostly located in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Cerkl in both mature and embryonic mouse retina and the severe retinal phenotype associated with human CERKL mutations indicate that this gene plays a crucial role in retinal activity, and that it may be important for retinal development as well. The high expression level of CERKL in cones correlates with the CERKL-associated phenotype in humans. Whether nucleocytoplasmic transport of CERKL actually occurs in vivo under certain conditions and its functional significance remain to be discovered.

SUBMITTER: Vekslin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3000240 | biostudies-literature | 2010

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Spatiotemporal expression pattern of ceramide kinase-like in the mouse retina.

Vekslin Sharon S Ben-Yosef Tamar T

Molecular vision 20101203

<h4>Purpose</h4>The CERKL gene encodes for ceramide kinase-like, a novel protein of unknown function. CERKL mutations are associated with a severe retinal phenotype. The purpose of this work was to investigate alternative splicing, and the temporal and spatial expression pattern of CERKL in the mouse retina.<h4>Methods</h4>Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mouse retina RNA was used to study the expression of Cerkl at various developmental time points, and to id ...[more]

PMID: 21151604

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Project description:BackgroundBetween embryonic day 12 and postnatal day 21, six major neuronal and one glia cell type are generated from multipotential progenitors in a characteristic sequence during mouse retina development. We investigated expression patterns of retina transcripts during the major embryonic and postnatal developmental stages to provide a systematic view of normal mouse retina development,ResultsA tissue-specific cDNA microarray was generated using a set of sequence non-redundant EST clones collected from mouse retina. Eleven stages of mouse retina, from embryonic day 12.5 (El2.5) to postnatal day 21 (PN21), were collected for RNA isolation. Non-amplified RNAs were labeled for microarray experiments and three sets of data were analyzed for significance, hierarchical relationships, and functional clustering. Six individual gene expression clusters were identified based on expression patterns of transcripts through retina development. Two developmental phases were clearly divided with postnatal day 5 (PN5) as a separate cluster. Among 4,180 transcripts that changed significantly during development, approximately 2/3 of the genes were expressed at high levels up until PN5 and then declined whereas the other 1/3 of the genes increased expression from PN5 and remained at the higher levels until at least PN21. Less than 1% of the genes observed showed a peak of expression between the two phases. Among the later increased population, only about 40% genes are correlated with rod photoreceptors, indicating that multiple cell types contributed to gene expression in this phase. Within the same functional classes, however, different gene populations were expressed in distinct developmental phases. A correlation coefficient analysis of gene expression during retina development between previous SAGE studies and this study was also carried out.ConclusionThis study provides a complementary genome-wide view of common gene dynamics and a broad molecular classification of mouse retina development. Different genes in the same functional clusters are expressed in the different developmental stages, suggesting that cells might change gene expression profiles from differentiation to maturation stages. We propose that large-scale changes in gene regulation during development are necessary for the final maturation and function of the retina.

Project description:TRP genes encode a diverse family of ion channels which have been implicated in many sensory functions. Because several TRP channels have similar properties to the elusive hair cell transduction channel, recent attention has focused on TRP gene expression in the inner ear. At least four TRP genes are known to be expressed in hair cells: TRPC3, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPML3. However, there is little evidence supporting any of these as a component of the transduction complex. Other less well-characterized TRP channels are expressed in the inner ear, in particular, within the organ of Corti. Because of their potential role in sensory function, we investigated the developmental expression of RNA that encodes all 33 TRP subunits as well as several splice variants. We designed a quantitative PCR screen using cochlear samples acquired before, during, and after the time when mechanotransduction is acquired in sensory hair cells (embryonic day 17 to postnatal day 8). Cochleas, which included the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and Reissner's membrane, were subdivided into four equal quadrants which allowed for regional comparison during development. Expression of RNA transcripts that encoded 33 TRP subunits plus several splice forms and beta-actin were quantified in 28 samples for a total of 1,092 individual measurements, each done in triplicate. We detected RNA that encoded all TRP channels except two: TRPC7 and TRPM8. The largest changes in RNA expression were for TRPA1 (>100-fold), TRPP3 (>50-fold), and TRPC5.2 (>20-fold) which suggested that these subunits may contribute to normal cochlear function. Furthermore, the screen revealed TRPP3 and PKD1L3 RNA expression patterns that were correlated with the acquisition of sensory transduction in outer hair cells (Lelli et al., J Neurophysiol. 101:2961-2973, 2009). Numerous spatiotemporal expression gradients were identified many of which may contribute to the normal functional development of the mouse cochlea.

Dataset Information

Spatiotemporal expression pattern of ceramide kinase-like in the mouse retina.

Publications

Spatiotemporal expression pattern of ceramide kinase-like in the mouse retina.

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