Dataset Information

Mrf4 (myf6) is dynamically expressed in differentiated zebrafish skeletal muscle.

ABSTRACT: Mrf4 (Myf6) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory transcription factor (MRF) family, which also contains Myod, Myf5 and myogenin. Mrf4 is implicated in commitment of amniote cells to skeletal myogenesis and is also abundantly expressed in many adult muscle fibres. The specific role of Mrf4 is unclear both because mrf4 null mice are viable, suggesting redundancy with other MRFs, and because of genetic interactions at the complex mrf4/myf5 locus. We report the cloning and expression of an mrf4 gene from zebrafish, Danio rerio, which shows conservation of linkage to myf5. Mrf4 mRNA accumulates in a subset of terminally differentiated muscle fibres in parallel with myosin protein in the trunk and fin. Although most, possibly all, trunk muscle expresses mrf4, the level of mRNA is dynamically regulated. No expression is detected in muscle precursor cell populations prior to myosin accumulation. Moreover, mrf4 expression is not detected in head muscles, at least at early stages. As fish mature, mrf4 expression is pronounced in the region of slow muscle fibres.

SUBMITTER: Hinits Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3001336 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mrf4 (myf6) is dynamically expressed in differentiated zebrafish skeletal muscle.

Hinits Yaniv Y Osborn Daniel P S DP Carvajal Jaime J JJ Rigby Peter W J PW Hughes Simon M SM

Gene expression patterns : GEP 20070615 7

Mrf4 (Myf6) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory transcription factor (MRF) family, which also contains Myod, Myf5 and myogenin. Mrf4 is implicated in commitment of amniote cells to skeletal myogenesis and is also abundantly expressed in many adult muscle fibres. The specific role of Mrf4 is unclear both because mrf4 null mice are viable, suggesting redundancy with other MRFs, and because of genetic interactions at the complex mrf4/myf5 locus. We report the clonin ...[more]

PMID: 17638597

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Project description:Differentiated tissue is particularly vulnerable to alterations in protein and organelle homeostasis. The essential protein VCP, mutated in hereditary inclusion body myopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, is critical for efficient clearance of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in dividing cells, but its role in terminally differentiated tissue affected by disease mutations is less clear. To understand the relevance of VCP in differentiated tissue, we inactivated it in skeletal muscle of adult mice. Surprisingly, knockout muscle demonstrated a necrotic myopathy with increased macroautophagic/autophagic proteins and damaged lysosomes. This was not solely due to a defect in autophagic degradation because age-matched mice with muscle inactivation of the autophagy essential protein, ATG5, did not demonstrate a myopathy. Notably, myofiber necrosis was preceded by upregulation of LGALS3/Galectin-3, a marker of damaged lysosomes, and TFEB activation, suggesting early defects in the lysosomal system. Consistent with that, myofiber necrosis was recapitulated by chemical induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in skeletal muscle. Moreover, TFEB was activated after LMP in cells, but activation and nuclear localization of TFEB persisted upon VCP inactivation or disease mutant expression. Our data identifies VCP as central mediator of both lysosomal clearance and biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Abbreviations: AAA: ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities; TUBA1A/α-tubulin: tubulin alpha 1a; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ACTA1: actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CTSB/D: cathepsin B/D; Ctrl: control; DAPI: diamidino-2-phenylindole; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ELDR: endolysosomal damage response; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; Gastroc/G: gastrocnemius; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HSPA5/GRP78: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBMPFD/ALS: inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of the bone, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; i.p.: intraperitoneal; LAMP1/2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1/2; LLOMe: Leu-Leu methyl ester hydrobromide; LGALS3/Gal3: galectin 3; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYL1: myosin light chain 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MSP: multisystem proteinopathy; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; Quad/Q: quadriceps; RHEB: Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TA: tibialis anterior; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TXFN, tamoxifen; UBXN6/UBXD1: UBX domain protein 6; VCP: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.

Dataset Information

Mrf4 (myf6) is dynamically expressed in differentiated zebrafish skeletal muscle.

Publications

Mrf4 (myf6) is dynamically expressed in differentiated zebrafish skeletal muscle.

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