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Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: Loss of muscle mass with aging is a major public health concern. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids stimulate protein anabolism in animals and might therefore be useful for the treatment of sarcopenia. However, the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on human protein metabolism is unknown.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.Sixteen healthy, older adults were randomly assigned to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or corn oil for 8 wk. The rate of muscle protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of key elements of the anabolic signaling pathway were evaluated before and after supplementation during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during a hyperaminoacidemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.Corn oil supplementation had no effect on the muscle protein synthesis rate and the extent of anabolic signaling element phosphorylation in muscle. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation had no effect on the basal rate of muscle protein synthesis (mean ± SEM: 0.051 ± 0.005%/h compared with 0.053 ± 0.008%/h before and after supplementation, respectively; P = 0.80) but augmented the hyperaminoacidemia-hyperinsulinemia-induced increase in the rate of muscle protein synthesis (from 0.009 ± 0.005%/h above basal values to 0.031 ± 0.003%/h above basal values; P < 0.01), which was accompanied by greater increases in muscle mTOR(Ser2448) (P = 0.08) and p70s6k(Thr389) (P < 0.01) phosphorylation.Omega-3 fatty acids stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00794079.

SUBMITTER: Smith GI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3021432 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Smith Gordon I GI Atherton Philip P Reeds Dominic N DN Mohammed B Selma BS Rankin Debbie D Rennie Michael J MJ Mittendorfer Bettina B

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20101215 2

<h4>Background</h4>Loss of muscle mass with aging is a major public health concern. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids stimulate protein anabolism in animals and might therefore be useful for the treatment of sarcopenia. However, the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on human protein metabolism is unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.<h4>Design</h4>Sixteen healthy, older a ...[more]

PMID: 21159787

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Project description:IntroductionThe beneficial effect of dietary omega-3 supplementation in younger adults or older people with acute or chronic disease is established. Knowledge is now needed about the effect in medically stable older people. The objective of this study is to examine and assess the evidence for a role of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation in older adults on (1) muscle mass and muscle strength, (2) inflammatory biomarkers and (3) physical activity.Methods and analysisA systematic review and data synthesis will be conducted of randomised controlled trials in older people not recruited for any given disease diagnosis. Placebo-controlled studies reporting interventions involving dietary supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid will be included. Outcomes must include changes from baseline to last available follow-up for one or more of the following: muscle mass, inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, walking speed, weight change, hand grip strength or muscle strength. Once the search strategy has been carried out, two independent researchers will assess relevant papers for eligibility. Articles up until 31 December 2017 in any language will be included. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies. Studies will be grouped for meta-analysis according to the outcome(s) provided. Where studies have used the same type of intervention, with the same outcome measure, we will pool the results using a random effects meta-analysis, with standardised mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for binary outcomes, and calculate 95% CI and two-sided p values for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics approval is required for this systematic review as no confidential patient data will be used. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and through conference presentations.Prospero registration numberCRD42017080240.

Project description:BackgroundOmega-3 (n-3) PUFAs are recognized for triglyceride-lowering effects in people with dyslipidemia, but it remains unclear if n-3-PUFA intake influences lipoprotein profiles in older adults without hypertriglyceridemia.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine the effect of n-3-PUFA supplementation on plasma lipoprotein subfractions in healthy older men and women in the absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or hypertriglyceridemia. This was a secondary analysis and considered exploratory.MethodsThirty young (20-35 y old) and 54 older (65-85 y old) men and women were enrolled in the study. Fasting plasma samples were collected. After baseline sample collection, 44 older adults were randomly assigned to receive either n-3-PUFA ethyl esters (3.9 g/d) or placebo (corn oil) for 6 mo. Pre- and postintervention plasma samples were used for quantitative lipoprotein subclass analysis using high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy.ResultsThe number of large, least-dense LDL particles decreased 17%-18% with n-3 PUFAs compared with placebo (<1% change; P < 0.01). The number of small, dense LDL particles increased 26%-44% with n-3 PUFAs compared with placebo (∼11% decrease; P < 0.01). The cholesterol content of large HDL particles increased by 32% with n-3 PUFAs and by 2% in placebo (P < 0.01). The cholesterol content of small HDL particles decreased by 23% with n-3 PUFAs and by 2% in placebo (P < 0.01).ConclusionsDespite increasing abundance of small, dense LDL particles that are associated with CVD risk, n-3 PUFAs reduced total triglycerides, maintained HDL, reduced systolic blood pressure, and shifted the HDL particle distribution toward a favorable cardioprotective profile in healthy older adults without dyslipidemia. This study suggests potential benefits of n-3-PUFA supplementation to lipoprotein profiles in healthy older adults without dyslipidemia, which should be considered when weighing the potential health benefits against the cost and ecological impact of widespread use of n-3-PUFA supplements.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03350906.

Project description:BackgroundThe intestinal microbiome is an important determinant of inflammatory balance in the colon that may affect response to dietary agents.ObjectiveThis is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, the Fish Oil Study, to determine whether interindividual differences in colonic bacteria are associated with variability in the reduction of colonic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations after personalized supplementation with ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids.MethodsForty-seven healthy adults (17 men, 30 women, ages 26-75 y) provided biopsy samples of colonic mucosa and luminal stool brushings before and after personalized ω-3 fatty acid supplementation that was based on blood fatty acid responses. Samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The data analyses focused on changes in bacterial community diversity. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors that predict a reduction in colonic PGE2.ResultsAt baseline, increased bacterial diversity, as measured by the Shannon and Inverse Simpson indexes in both biopsy and luminal brushing samples, was positively correlated with dietary fiber intakes and negatively correlated with fat intakes. Dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids increased the Yue and Clayton community dis-similarity index between the microbiome in luminal brushings and colon biopsy samples post-supplementation (P = 0.015). In addition, there was a small group of individuals with relatively high Prevotella abundance who were resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation. In linear regression analyses, increases in diversity of the bacteria in the luminal brushing samples, but not in the biopsy samples, were significant predictors of lower colonic PGE2 concentrations post-supplementation in models that included baseline PGE2, baseline body mass index, and changes in colonic eicosapentaenoic acid-to-arachidonic acid ratios. The changes in bacterial diversity contributed to 6-8% of the interindividual variance in change in colonic PGE2 (P = 0.001).ConclusionsDietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids had little effect on intestinal bacteria in healthy humans; however, an increase in diversity in the luminal brushings significantly predicted reductions in colonic PGE2. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01860352.

Project description:BackgroundOmega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and their ratio have been shown to affect cognitive function in children and older adults. With these analyses, we aimed to describe omega-6 and omega-3 FA intake among children and older adults in light of FA intake recommendations and with consideration of overall diet.MethodsData were merged from two cross-sectional studies with 219 children 7 to 12 years old and one longitudinal study with 133 adults 65 to 79 years old. Demographic data, anthropometric data, and Healthy Eating Index scores were used to study relations among the omega-6 to omega-3 FA ratio and age, education, body mass index, and diet quality. FA intake, demographic, and anthropometric data were examined using partial correlations, t-tests, and analysis of variance.ResultsMost children and adults consumed at least the recommended amount of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; omega-3) for their age and gender without consuming high amounts of linoleic acid (LA; omega-6), but did not consume sufficient eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; omega-) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; omega-3). The average omega-6 to omega-3 ratios in both groups were lower than previously reported. Eating lower ratios was associated with healthier diets and consuming adequate amounts of several other nutrients. No demographic or anthropometric variables were related to FA intake in children. Adults with a college degree had significantly lower ratios than those without a college degree.ConclusionsAmerican children and older adults are able to consume more balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratios than has been indicated by commodity data. However, very few American children met even the lowest recommendations for EPA and DHA intake. Research is needed to clarify recommendations for the optimal ratio across development, which may aid in increasing EPA and DHA intake and improving health outcomes in the United States.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02199808 13 July 2014, NCT01823419 (retrospectively registered) 20 March 2013, and NCT01515098 18 January 2012.

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Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Publications

Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

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