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Ethnic differences in pancreatic fat accumulation and its relationship with other fat depots and inflammatory markers.

ABSTRACT: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic fat are associated with insulin resistance and vary by sex and ethnicity. Recently, pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) has also been linked with increasing obesity. Our aim was to assess ethnic and sex differences in PFF and its relationship to other fat depots, circulating free fatty acids (FFA), insulin secretion and sensitivity, and inflammation in obese adolescents and young adults.We examined 138 (40 males, 98 females) obese Hispanics and African Americans (13-25 years). Subcutaneous adipose tissue and VAT volumes, hepatic fat fraction (HFF), and PFF were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity and ?-cell function were assessed during an intravenous glucose tolerance test.Hispanics had higher PFF than African Americans (7.3 ± 3.8 vs. 6.2 ± 2.6%, P = 0.03); this ethnic difference was higher in young adults compared with children and adolescents (ethnicity × age: P = 0.01). Males had higher PFF than females (P < 0.0001). PFF was positively correlated with VAT (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001), HFF (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001), and FFA (r = 0.32, P = 0.001). PFF positively correlated with inflammatory markers but lost significance when adjusted for VAT. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, VAT and FFA were the best predictors of PFF (adjusted R(2) = 0.40). There were no significant correlations between PFF and markers of insulin sensitivity or ?-cell function.PFF is higher in Hispanics than African Americans, and this difference increases with age. In young obese individuals, PFF is related to VAT, HFF, and circulating FFA, thus possibly contributing to their increased risk for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.

SUBMITTER: Le KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3024373 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ethnic differences in pancreatic fat accumulation and its relationship with other fat depots and inflammatory markers.

Lê Kim-Anne KA Ventura Emily E EE Fisher Jessica Q JQ Davis Jaimie N JN Weigensberg Marc J MJ Punyanitya Mark M Hu Houchun H HH Nayak Krishna S KS Goran Michael I MI

Diabetes care 20110201 2

<h4>Objective</h4>Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic fat are associated with insulin resistance and vary by sex and ethnicity. Recently, pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) has also been linked with increasing obesity. Our aim was to assess ethnic and sex differences in PFF and its relationship to other fat depots, circulating free fatty acids (FFA), insulin secretion and sensitivity, and inflammation in obese adolescents and young adults.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>We examined 138 (40 ...[more]

PMID: 21270204

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Project description:Various fat depots have differential effects on bone. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is deleterious to bone, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) has positive effects. Also, marrow adipose tissue (MAT), a relatively newly recognized fat depot is inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Bone mass in athletes depends on many factors including gonadal steroids and muscle mass. Exercise increases muscle mass and BMD, whereas, estrogen deficiency decreases BMD. Thus, the beneficial effects of weight-bearing exercise on areal and volumetric BMD (aBMD and vBMD) in regularly menstruating (eumenorrheic) athletes (EA) are attenuated in oligo-amenorrheic athletes (OA). Of note, data regarding VAT, SAT, MAT and regional muscle mass in OA compared with EA and non-athletes (C), and their impact on bone are lacking.We used (i) MRI to assess VAT and SAT at the L4 vertebra level, and cross-sectional muscle area (CSA) of the mid-thigh, (ii) 1H-MRS to assess MAT at L4, the proximal femoral metaphysis and mid-diaphysis, (iii) DXA to assess spine and hip aBMD, and (iv) HRpQCT to assess vBMD at the distal radius (non-weight-bearing bone) and tibia (weight-bearing bone) in 41 young women (20 OA, 10 EA and 11 C 18-25 years). All athletes engaged in weight-bearing sports for ? 4 h/week or ran ? 20 miles/week.VAT, SAT and MAT at L4; CSA of the mid-thigh; MAT at the proximal femoral metaphysis and mid-diaphysis; aBMD, vBMD and bone microarchitecture.Groups had comparable age, menarchal age, BMI, VAT, VAT/SAT and spine BMD Z-scores. EA had higher femoral neck BMD Z-scores than OA and C. Fat mass was lowest in OA. SAT was lowest in OA (p = 0.048); L4 MAT was higher in OA than EA (p = 0.03). We found inverse associations of (i) VAT/SAT with spine BMD Z-scores (r = -0.42, p = 0.01), (ii) L4 MAT with spine and hip BMD Z-scores (r = -0.44, p = 0.01; r = -0.36, p = 0.02), and vBMD of the radius and tibia (r = -0.49, p = 0.002; r = -0.41, p = 0.01), and (iii) diaphyseal and metaphyseal MAT with vBMD of the radius (r ? -0.42, p ? 0.01) and tibia (r ? -0.34, p ? 0.04). In a multivariate model including VAT/SAT, L4 MAT and thigh CSA, spine and hip BMD Z-scores were predicted inversely by L4 MAT and positively by thigh CSA, and total and cortical radius and total tibial vBMD were predicted inversely by L4 MAT. VAT/SAT did not predict radius or tibia total vBMD in this model, but inversely predicted spine BMD Z-scores. When L4 MAT was replaced with diaphyseal or metaphyseal MAT in the model, diaphyseal and metaphyseal MAT did not predict aBMD Z-scores, but diaphyseal MAT inversely predicted total vBMD of the radius and tibia. These results did not change after adding percent body fat to the model.VAT/SAT is an inverse predictor of lumbar spine aBMD Z-scores, while L4 MAT is an independent inverse predictor of aBMD Z-scores at the spine and hip and vBMD measures at the distal tibia and radius in athletes and non-athletes. Diaphyseal MAT independently predicts vBMD measures of the distal tibia and radius.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Persons living with HIV (PLWH) well treated on antiretroviral therapies remain at risk for ensuing arterial disease. We investigated the relationship between adipose depots and biomarkers of arterial injury and inflammation to gain insight into the link between body composition and CVD risk. DESIGNS/METHODS:One hundred and fifty-five HIV-infected and 70 non-HIV infected individuals were well phenotyped for body composition. Adipose depots were assessed via single-slice abdominal computed tomography (CT). Circulating markers of arterial disease and generalized inflammation [lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] were evaluated. RESULTS:Despite similar BMI and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), HIV-infected individuals had significantly lower subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT, 199 (126-288) vs. 239 (148-358) cm(2), P?=?0.04] than non-HIV infected individuals. Among HIV-infected individuals, reduced SAT inversely correlated with LpPLA2 (??=?-0.19, P?=?0.02) and hs-cTnT (??=?-0.24, P?=?0.004), whereas increased VAT significantly and positively related to LpPLA2 (??=?0.25, P?=?0.003), oxLDL (??=?0.28, P?=?0.0005), hs-cTnT (??=?0.28, P?=?0.0007) and hsCRP (??=?0.32, P?=??<?0.0001). Similar analyses among the non-HIV infected individuals revealed significant relationships between SAT and LpPLA2 (??=?-0.24, P?=?0.05), as well as VAT and LpPLA2 (??=?0.37, P?=?0.002), oxLDL (??=?0.24, P?=?0.05) and hsCRP (??=?0.29, P?=?.02). In modelling performed among the HIV group, simultaneously controlling for VAT, SAT, age and relevant HIV-related parameters, reduced SAT was an independent predictor of LpPLA2 (P?=?0.04) and hs-cTnT (P?=?0.005) and increased VAT was an independent predictor of LpPLA2 (P?=?0.001), oxLDL (P?=?0.02), hs-cTnT (P?=?0.04) and hsCRP (P?=?0.04). CONCLUSION:Fat redistribution phenotypes, characterized by SAT loss and/or VAT accumulation, may be linked to arterial injury and inflammation in HIV.

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Ethnic differences in pancreatic fat accumulation and its relationship with other fat depots and inflammatory markers.

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Ethnic differences in pancreatic fat accumulation and its relationship with other fat depots and inflammatory markers.

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