Dataset Information

Diarrhea, pneumonia, and infectious disease mortality in children aged 5 to 14 years in India.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Little is known about the causes of death in children in India after age five years. The objective of this study is to provide the first ever direct national and sub-national estimates of infectious disease mortality in Indian children aged 5 to 14 years.

Methods

A verbal autopsy based assessment of 3 855 deaths is children aged 5 to 14 years from a nationally representative survey of deaths occurring in 2001-03 in 1.1 million homes in India.

Results

Infectious diseases accounted for 58% of all deaths among children aged 5 to 14 years. About 18% of deaths were due to diarrheal diseases, 10% due to pneumonia, 8% due to central nervous system infections, 4% due to measles, and 12% due to other infectious diseases. Nationally, in 2005 about 59 000 and 34 000 children aged 5 to 14 years died from diarrheal diseases and pneumonia, corresponding to mortality of 24.1 and 13.9 per 100 000 respectively. Mortality was nearly 50% higher in girls than in boys for both diarrheal diseases and pneumonia.

Conclusions

Approximately 60% of all deaths in this age group are due to infectious diseases and nearly half of these deaths are due to diarrheal diseases and pneumonia. Mortality in this age group from infectious diseases, and diarrhea in particular, is much higher than previously estimated.

SUBMITTER: Morris SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3101242 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Diarrhea, pneumonia, and infectious disease mortality in children aged 5 to 14 years in India.

Morris Shaun K SK Bassani Diego G DG Awasthi Shally S Kumar Rajesh R Shet Anita A Suraweera Wilson W Jha Prabhat P

PloS one 20110524 5

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the causes of death in children in India after age five years. The objective of this study is to provide the first ever direct national and sub-national estimates of infectious disease mortality in Indian children aged 5 to 14 years.<h4>Methods</h4>A verbal autopsy based assessment of 3 855 deaths is children aged 5 to 14 years from a nationally representative survey of deaths occurring in 2001-03 in 1.1 million homes in India.<h4>Results</h4>Infectious d ...[more]

PMID: 21629660

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Project description:Examination of host genome-wide changes upon encounters with pathogens provides insight into the pathogenesis of infection and disease. When performed comparatively, it may shed light on the mechanisms underlying host susceptibility. In this study, gene expression in the mouse colon was investigated in two cognate lines of mice that differ in their response to Citrobacter rodentium infection; susceptible inbred FVB/N (FVB) and resistant outbred Swiss Webster (SW) mice. Gene expression in the distal colon was investigated prior to infection and at 4 and 9 days post-inoculation using a whole mouse genome Affymetrix array. Computational analysis identified 462 (1%) probe sets differentially expressed by more than 2-fold between uninoculated SW and FVB mice. In response to C. rodentium infection, 5,123 probe sets (11.4%) were significantly modulated in one or both lines of mice. Microarray data were validated by quantitative real time RT-PCR on 35 selected genes (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) and were found to have a 94% concordance. Transcripts represented by 1,547 probe sets (3.4%), were differentially expressed between FVB and SW mice regardless of infection status (host effect). Genes associated with transport were over-represented to a greater extent than immune response-related genes (25% vs. 11% of enrichment, respectively). Electrolyte analysis revealed hypochloremia and hyponatremia in susceptible animals. The results support the hypothesis that mortality in C. rodentium-infected FVB mice is associated with impaired ion transport and development of fatal hypovolemia. These studies contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of C. rodentium and suggest novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea associated with bacterial infections of the intestinal tract. Experiment Overall Design: Global gene expression analysis was performed on the distal colon with 2-3 mice per group. Because no difference for any parameters was observed in uninfected mice at 4 or 9 dpi, the animals were pooled into an uninoculated control groups for each line of mouse. The selection of representative samples for microarray analysis was based on known infection status and colonic lesions. The final number of biological replicates for each condition was n = 5 for uninoculated FVB mice (âFpâ group), n = 4 for uninoculated SW mice (âSpâ group), and n = 3 for infected animals from each line at each time point (âFi4â, âSi4â, âFi9â, and âSi9â respectively).

Dataset Information

Diarrhea, pneumonia, and infectious disease mortality in children aged 5 to 14 years in India.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Diarrhea, pneumonia, and infectious disease mortality in children aged 5 to 14 years in India.

Similar Datasets

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