Dataset Information

Endo-beta-1,3-galactanase from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes.

ABSTRACT: Arabinogalactan proteins are proteoglycans found on the cell surface and in the cell walls of higher plants. The carbohydrate moieties of most arabinogalactan proteins are composed of ?-1,3-galactan main chains and ?-1,6-galactan side chains, to which other auxiliary sugars are attached. For the present study, an endo-?-1,3-galactanase, designated FvEn3GAL, was first purified and cloned from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed ?-1,3-galactan, but did not act on ?-1,3-glucan, ?-1,3:1,4-glucan, xyloglucan, and agarose. It released various ?-1,3-galactooligosaccharides together with Gal from ?-1,3-galactohexaose in the early phase of the reaction, demonstrating that it acts on ?-1,3-galactan in an endo-fashion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FvEn3GAL is member of a novel subgroup distinct from known glycoside hydrolases such as endo-?-1,3-glucanase and endo-?-1,3:1,4-glucanase in glycoside hydrolase family 16. Point mutations replacing the putative catalytic Glu residues conserved for enzymes in this family with Asp abolished activity. These results indicate that FvEn3GAL is a highly specific glycoside hydrolase 16 endo-?-1,3-galactanase.

SUBMITTER: Kotake T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3149374 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Endo-beta-1,3-galactanase from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes.

Kotake Toshihisa T Hirata Naohiro N Degi Yuta Y Ishiguro Maki M Kitazawa Kiminari K Takata Ryohei R Ichinose Hitomi H Kaneko Satoshi S Igarashi Kiyohiko K Samejima Masahiro M Tsumuraya Yoichi Y

The Journal of biological chemistry 20110608 31

Arabinogalactan proteins are proteoglycans found on the cell surface and in the cell walls of higher plants. The carbohydrate moieties of most arabinogalactan proteins are composed of β-1,3-galactan main chains and β-1,6-galactan side chains, to which other auxiliary sugars are attached. For the present study, an endo-β-1,3-galactanase, designated FvEn3GAL, was first purified and cloned from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed β-1,3-galactan, but did not act ...[more]

PMID: 21653698

Similar Datasets

Project description:Most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated or have low yield under industrial conditions, partially due to the lack of knowledge on how basidioma (fruiting body) development is regulated. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), one of the most popular industrially cultivated mushrooms, a transcription factor, PDD1, with a high-mobility group (HMG)-box domain was identified based on its increased transcription during basidioma development. pdd1 knockdown by RNA interference affected vegetative growth and dramatically impaired basidioma development. A strain with an 89.9% reduction in the level of pdd1 transcription failed to produce primordia, while overexpression of pdd1 promoted basidioma development. When the transcriptional level of pdd1 was increased to 5 times the base level, the mushroom cultivation time was shortened by 9.8% and the yield was increased by at least 33%. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that pdd1 knockdown downregulated 331 genes and upregulated 463 genes. PDD1 positively regulated several genes related to fruiting, including 6 pheromone receptor-encoding genes, 3 jacalin-related lectin-encoding genes, FVFD16, and 2 FVFD16 homolog-encoding genes. PDD1 is a novel transcription factor with regulatory function in basidioma development found in industrially cultivated mushrooms. Since its orthologs are widely present in fungal species of the Basidiomycota phylum, PDD1 might have important application prospects in mushroom breeding.IMPORTANCE Mushrooms are sources of food and medicine and provide abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated commercially due to the limited understanding of basidioma development. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes; also known as Enokitake), one of the most commonly cultivated mushrooms, we identified a novel transcription factor, PDD1, positively regulating basidioma development. PDD1 increases expression during basidioma development. Artificially increasing its expression promoted basidioma formation and dramatically increased mushroom yield, while reducing its expression dramatically impaired its development. In its PDD1 overexpression mutants, mushroom number, height, yield, and biological efficiency were significantly increased. PDD1 regulates the expression of some genes that are important in or related to basidioma development. PDD1 is the first identified transcription factor with defined functions in mushroom development among commercially cultivated mushroom species, and it might be useful in mushroom breeding.

Project description:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are two closely related phyla and fungi in two phyla share some common morphological developmental process during fruiting body formation. In Neurospora crassa, the G?-like protein CPC-2 with a seven-WD40 repeat domain was previously reported. By transforming CPC-2 ortholog encoding genes, from 7 different fungal species across Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, into the cpc-2 deletion mutant of N. crassa, we demonstrate that all tested CPC-2 ortholog genes were able to complement the defects of the cpc-2 deletion mutant in sexual development, indicating that CPC-2 proteins from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota have the similar cellular function. Using Flammulina velutipes as a model system for mushroom species, the CPC-2 ortholog FvCPC2 was characterized. Fvcpc2 increased transcription during fruiting body development. Knockdown of Fvcpc2 by RNAi completely impaired fruiting body formation. In three Fvcpc2 knockdown mutants, transcriptional levels of genes encoding adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A catalytic subunit were significantly lower and colony growth became slower than wild type. The addition of cAMP or the PKA-activator 8-Bromo-cAMP into the medium restored the Fvcpc2 knockdown mutants to the wild-type colony growth phenotype, suggesting that the involvement of cAMP production in the regulatory mechanisms of FvCPC2. Knockdown of Fvcpc2 also weakened transcriptional responses to sexual development induction by some genes related to fruiting body development, including 4 jacalin-related lectin encoding genes, 4 hydrophobin encoding genes, and 3 functionally-unknown genes, suggesting the participation of these genes in the mechanisms by which FvCPC2 regulates fruiting body development. All three Fvcpc2 overexpression strains displayed increased mushroom yield and shortened cultivation time compared to wild type, suggesting that Fvcpc2 can be a promising reference gene for Winter Mushroom breeding. Since the orthologs of FvCPC2 were highly conserved and specifically expressed during fruiting body development in different edible mushrooms, genes encoding FvCPC2 orthologs in other mushroom species also have potential application in breeding.

Dataset Information

Endo-beta-1,3-galactanase from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes.

Publications

Endo-beta-1,3-galactanase from winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets