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The sulfolobicin genes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius encode novel antimicrobial proteins.

ABSTRACT: Crenarchaea, such as Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Sulfolobus tokodaii, produce antimicrobial proteins called sulfolobicins. These antimicrobial proteins inhibit the growth of closely related species. Here we report the identification of the sulfolobicin-encoding genes in S. acidocaldarius. The active sulfolobicin comprises two proteins that are equipped with a classical signal sequence. These proteins are secreted by the cells and found to be membrane vesicle associated. Gene inactivation studies demonstrate that both proteins are required for the bacteriostatic antimicrobial activity. Sulfolobicins constitute a novel class of antimicrobial proteins without detectable homology to any other protein.

SUBMITTER: Ellen AF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3165506 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The sulfolobicin genes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius encode novel antimicrobial proteins.

Ellen Albert F AF Rohulya Olha V OV Fusetti Fabrizia F Wagner Michaela M Albers Sonja-Verena SV Driessen Arnold J M AJ

Journal of bacteriology 20110701 17

Crenarchaea, such as Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Sulfolobus tokodaii, produce antimicrobial proteins called sulfolobicins. These antimicrobial proteins inhibit the growth of closely related species. Here we report the identification of the sulfolobicin-encoding genes in S. acidocaldarius. The active sulfolobicin comprises two proteins that are equipped with a classical signal sequence. These proteins are secreted by the cells and found to be membrane vesicle associated. Gene inactivation studi ...[more]

PMID: 21725003

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Project description:Glycogen is a polysaccharide that comprises α-1,4-linked glucose backbone and α-1,6-linked glucose polymers at the branching points. It is widely found in organisms ranging from bacteria to eukaryotes. The physiological role of glycogen is not confined to being an energy reservoir and carbon source but varies depending on organisms. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic archaeon, was observed to accumulate granular glycogen in the cell. However, the role of glycogen and genes that are responsible for glycogen metabolism in S. acidocaldarius has not been identified clearly. The objective of this study is to identify the gene cluster, which is composed of enzymes that are predicted to be involved in the glycogen metabolism, and confirm the role of each of these genes by constructing deletion mutants. This study also compares the glycogen content of mutant and wild type and elucidates the role of glycogen in this archaeon. The glycogen content of S. acidocaldarius MR31, which is used as a parent strain for constructing the deletion mutant in this study, was increased in the early and middle exponential growth phases and decreased during the late exponential and stationary growth phases. The pattern of the accumulated glycogen was independent to the type of supplemented sugar. In the comparison of the glycogen content between the gene deletion mutant and MR31, glycogen synthase (GlgA) and α-amylase (AmyA) were shown to be responsible for the synthesis of glycogen, whereas glycogen debranching enzyme (GlgX) and glucoamylase (Gaa) appeared to affect the degradation of glycogen. The expressions of glgC-gaa-glgX and amyA-glgA were detected by the promoter assay. This result suggests that the gradual decrease of glycogen content in the late exponential and stationary phases occurs due to the increase in the gene expression of glgC-gaa-glgX. When the death rate in nutrient limited condition was compared among the wild type strain, the glycogen deficient strain and the strain with increased glycogen content, the death rate of the glycogen deficient strain was found to be higher than any other strain, thereby suggesting that the glycogen in S. acidocaldarius supports cell maintenance in harsh conditions.

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The sulfolobicin genes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius encode novel antimicrobial proteins.

Publications

The sulfolobicin genes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius encode novel antimicrobial proteins.

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