Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chappell WH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3260807 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Chappell William H WH Steelman Linda S LS Long Jacquelyn M JM Kempf Ruth C RC Abrams Stephen L SL Franklin Richard A RA Bäsecke Jörg J Stivala Franca F Donia Marco M Fagone Paolo P Malaponte Graziella G Mazzarino Maria C MC Nicoletti Ferdinando F Libra Massimo M Maksimovic-Ivanic Danijela D Mijatovic Sanja S Montalto Giuseppe G Cervello Melchiorre M Laidler Piotr P Milella Michele M Tafuri Agostino A Bonati Antonio A Evangelisti Camilla C Cocco Lucio L Martelli Alberto M AM McCubrey James A JA
Oncotarget 20110301 3
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Integral components of these pathways, Ras, B-Raf, PI3K, and PTEN are also activated/inactivated by mutations. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of these pathways can contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance, proliferation of cancer initiating cells ( ...[more]