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Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFAs) is, according to observational studies, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causal mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Besides inducing dyslipidemia, TFA intake is suspected to promote abdominal and liver fat deposition. OBJECTIVE:We examined the effect of a high intake of TFA as part of an isocaloric diet on whole-body, abdominal and hepatic fat deposition, and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. METHODS:In a 16-week double-blind parallel intervention study, 52 healthy overweight postmenopausal women were randomized to receive either partially hydrogenated soybean oil providing 15.7?g?day(-1) of TFA or a control oil with mainly oleic and palmitic acid. Before and after the intervention, body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdominal fat by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and liver fat by (1)H MR spectroscopy. RESULTS:Compared with the control fat, TFA intake decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol by 10%, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 18% and resulted in an increased LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio (baseline adjusted mean (95% CI) difference between diet groups 0.41 (0.22; 0.60); P<0.001). TFA tended to increase the body fat (0.46 (-0.20; 1.17) kg; P=0.16) and waist circumference (1.1 (-0.1; 2.4) cm; P=0.08) more than the control fat, whereas neither abdominal nor liver fat deposition was affected by TFA. CONCLUSION:The adverse effect of dietary TFA on cardiovascular disease risk involves induction of dyslipidemia, and perhaps body fat, whereas weight gain-independent accumulation of ectopic fat could not be identified as a contributory factor during short-term intake.

SUBMITTER: Bendsen NT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3302130 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women.

Bendsen N T NT Chabanova E E Thomsen H S HS Larsen T M TM Newman J W JW Stender S S Dyerberg J J Haugaard S B SB Astrup A A

Nutrition & diabetes 20110131

<h4>Background</h4>Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFAs) is, according to observational studies, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causal mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Besides inducing dyslipidemia, TFA intake is suspected to promote abdominal and liver fat deposition.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined the effect of a high intake of TFA as part of an isocaloric diet on whole-body, abdominal and hepatic fat deposition, and blood lipids ...[more]

PMID: 23154296

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Project description:BackgroundExercise intensity may affect the selective loss of abdominal adipose tissue.ObjectiveThis study showed whether aerobic exercise intensity affects the loss of abdominal fat and improvement in cardiovascular disease risk factors under conditions of equal energy deficit in women with abdominal obesity.DesignThis was a randomized trial in 112 overweight and obese [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25-40; waist circumference >88 cm], postmenopausal women assigned to one of three 20-wk interventions of equal energy deficit: calorie restriction (CR only), CR plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CR + moderate-intensity), or CR plus vigorous-intensity exercise (CR + vigorous-intensity). The diet was a controlled program of underfeeding during which meals were provided at individual calorie levels (approximately 400 kcal/d). Exercise (3 d/wk) involved treadmill walking at an intensity of 45-50% (moderate-intensity) or 70-75% (vigorous-intensity) of heart rate reserve. The primary outcome was abdominal visceral fat volume.ResultsAverage weight loss for the 95 women who completed the study was 12.1 kg (+/-4.5 kg) and was not significantly different across groups. Maximal oxygen uptake ( O(2)max) increased more in the CR + vigorous-intensity group than in either of the other groups (P < 0.05). The CR-only group lost relatively more lean mass than did either exercise group (P < 0.05). All groups showed similar decreases in abdominal visceral fat (approximately 25%; P < 0.001 for all). However, changes in visceral fat were inversely related to increases in O(2)max (P < 0.01). Changes in lipids, fasting glucose or insulin, and 2-h glucose and insulin areas during the oral-glucose-tolerance test were similar across treatment groups.ConclusionWith a similar amount of total weight loss, lean mass is preserved, but there is not a preferential loss of abdominal fat when either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise is performed during caloric restriction. This trial was registered at (ClinicalTrials.gov) as: NCT00664729.

Project description:BackgroundDespite several RNA-Seq and microarray studies on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-abdominal fat deposition in different broiler lines, to our knowledge, gene coexpression analysis across multiple broiler lines has rarely been reported. Here, we constructed a consensus gene coexpression network focused on identifying consensus gene coexpression modules associated with abdominal fat deposition across multiple broiler lines using two public RNA-Seq datasets (GSE42980 and GSE49121).ResultsIn the consensus gene coexpression network, we identified eight consensus modules significantly correlated with abdominal fat deposition across four broiler lines using the consensus module analysis function in the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) package. The eight consensus modules were moderately to strongly preserved in the abdominal fat RNA-Seq dataset of another broiler line (SRP058295). Furthermore, we identified 5462 DEGs between high- and low-abdominal fat lines (FL and LL) (GSE42980) and 6904 DEGs between high- and low-growth (HG and LG) (GSE49121), including 1828 overlapping DEGs with similar expression profiles in both datasets, which were clustered into eight consensus modules. Pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the green, yellow, and medium purple 3 consensus modules. The PPAR signaling pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the green and purple consensus modules. Autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome were significantly enriched in the medium purple 3 and yellow consensus modules.ConclusionBased on lipid metabolism pathways enriched in eight consensus modules and the overexpression of numerous lipogenic genes in both FL vs. LL and HG vs. LG, we hypothesize that more fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), and cholesterol might be synthesized in broilers with high abdominal fat than in broilers with low abdominal fat. According to autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome enrichment in eight consensus modules, we inferred that autophagy might participate in broiler abdominal fat deposition. Altogether, these studies suggest eight consensus modules associated with abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Our study also provides an idea for investigating the molecular mechanism of abdominal fat deposition across multiple broiler lines.

Dataset Information

Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women.

Publications

Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women.

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