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Accurate blood flow measurements: are artificial tracers necessary?

ABSTRACT: Imaging-based blood flow measurement techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, have become an important tool in cardiovascular research. They provide quantitative information about blood flow, which benefits applications ranging from developmental biology to tumor perfusion studies. Studies using these methods can be classified based on whether they use artificial tracers or red blood cells to visualize the fluid motion. We here present the first direct comparison in vivo of both methods. For high magnification cases, the experiments using red blood cells strongly underestimate the flow (up to 50% in the present case), as compared to the tracer results. For medium magnification cases, the results from both methods are indistinguishable as they give the same underestimation of the real velocities (approximately 33%, based on in vitro reference measurements). These results suggest that flow characteristics reported in literature cannot be compared without a careful evaluation of the imaging characteristics. A method to predict the expected flow averaging behavior for a particular facility is presented.

SUBMITTER: Poelma C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3447936 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Accurate blood flow measurements: are artificial tracers necessary?

Poelma Christian C Kloosterman Astrid A Hierck Beerend P BP Westerweel Jerry J

PloS one 20120920 9

Imaging-based blood flow measurement techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, have become an important tool in cardiovascular research. They provide quantitative information about blood flow, which benefits applications ranging from developmental biology to tumor perfusion studies. Studies using these methods can be classified based on whether they use artificial tracers or red blood cells to visualize the fluid motion. We here present the first direct comparison in vivo of both methods. ...[more]

PMID: 23028878

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Project description:PurposeCurrent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations require expert planning, multiple breath holds, and 2D imaging. To address this, we sought to develop and validate a comprehensive free-breathing 3D cine function and flow CMR examination using a steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence to depict anatomy fused with a spatially registered phase contrast (PC) sequence for blood flow analysis.MethodsIn a prospective study, 25 patients underwent a CMR examination which included a 3D cine SSFP sequence and a 3D cine PC (also known as 4D flow) sequence acquired during free-breathing and after the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Both 3D sequences covered the heart and mediastinum, and used retrospective vectorcardiogram gating (20 phases/beat interpolated to 30 phases/beat) and prospective respiratory motion compensation confining data acquisition to end-expiration. Cardiovascular measurements derived from the 3D cine SSFP and PC images were then compared with those from standard 2D imaging.ResultsAll 3D cine SSFP and PC acquisitions were completed successfully. The mean time for the 3D cine sequences including prescription was shorter than that for the corresponding 2D sequences (21 min vs. 36 min, P-value <0.001). Left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes and stroke volumes by 3D cine SSFP were slightly smaller than those from 2D cine SSFP (all biases ≤5%). The blood flow measurements from the 3D and 2D sequences had close agreement in the ascending aorta (bias -2.6%) but main pulmonary artery flow was lower with the 3D cine sequence (bias -11.2%).ConclusionCompared to the conventional 2D cine approach, a comprehensive 3D cine function and flow examination was faster and yielded slightly lower left and right end-diastolic volumes, stroke volumes, and main pulmonary artery blood flow. This free-breathing 3D cine approach allows flexible post-examination data analysis and has the potential to make examinations more comfortable for patients and easier to perform for the operator.

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Accurate blood flow measurements: are artificial tracers necessary?

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Accurate blood flow measurements: are artificial tracers necessary?

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