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Proton-coupled dynamics in lactose permease.

ABSTRACT: Lactose permease of Escherichia coli (LacY) catalyzes symport of a galactopyranoside and an H? via an alternating access mechanism. The transition from an inward- to an outward-facing conformation of LacY involves sugar-release followed by deprotonation. Because the transition depends intimately upon the dynamics of LacY in a bilayer environment, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations may be the only means of following the accompanying structural changes in atomic detail. Here, we describe MD simulations of wild-type apo LacY in phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) lipids that features two protonation states of the critical Glu325. While the protonated system displays configurational stability, deprotonation of Glu325 causes significant structural rearrangements that bring into proximity side chains important for H? translocation and sugar binding and closes the internal cavity. Moreover, protonated LacY in phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipids shows that the observed dynamics are lipid-dependent. Together, the simulations describe early dynamics of the inward-to-outward transition of LacY that agree well with experimental data.

SUBMITTER: Andersson M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3496080 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proton-coupled dynamics in lactose permease.

Andersson Magnus M Bondar Ana-Nicoleta AN Freites J Alfredo JA Tobias Douglas J DJ Kaback H Ronald HR White Stephen H SH

Structure (London, England : 1993) 20120920 11

Lactose permease of Escherichia coli (LacY) catalyzes symport of a galactopyranoside and an H⁺ via an alternating access mechanism. The transition from an inward- to an outward-facing conformation of LacY involves sugar-release followed by deprotonation. Because the transition depends intimately upon the dynamics of LacY in a bilayer environment, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations may be the only means of following the accompanying structural changes in atomic detail. Here, we describe MD simul ...[more]

PMID: 23000385

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Project description:Based on the crystal structure of lactose permease (LacY) open to the cytoplasm, a hybrid molecular simulation approach with self-guided Langevin dynamics is used to describe conformational changes that lead to a periplasmic-open state. This hybrid approach consists of implicit (IM) and explicit (EX) membrane simulations and requires self-guided Langevin dynamics to enhance protein motions during the IM simulations. The pore radius of the lumen increases by 3.5 Å on the periplasmic side and decreases by 2.5 Å on the cytoplasmic side (relative to the crystal structure), suggesting a lumen that is fully open to the periplasm to allow for extracellular sugar transport and closed to the cytoplasm. Based on our simulations, the mechanism that triggers this conformational change to the periplasmic-open state is the protonation of Glu269 and binding of the disaccharide. Then, helix packing is destabilized by breaking of several side chains involved in hydrogen bonding (Asn245, Ser41, Glu374, Lys42, and Gln242). For the periplasmic-open conformations obtained from our simulations, helix-helix distances agree well with experimental measurements using double electron-electron resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and varying sized cross-linkers. The periplasmic-open conformations are also in compliance with various substrate accessibility/reactivity measurements that indicate an opening of the protein lumen on the periplasmic side on sugar binding. The comparison with these measurements suggests a possible incomplete closure of the cytoplasmic half in our simulations. However, the closure is sufficient to prevent the disaccharide from transporting to the cytoplasm, which is in accordance with the well-established alternating access model. Ser53, Gln60, and Phe354 are determined to be important in sugar transport during the periplasmic-open stage of the sugar transport cycle and the sugar is found to undergo an orientational change in order to escape the protein lumen.

Dataset Information

Proton-coupled dynamics in lactose permease.

Publications

Proton-coupled dynamics in lactose permease.

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