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Environmental determinants of bicycling injuries in Alberta, Canada.

ABSTRACT: This study examined environmental risk factors for bicycling injuries, by combining data on bicyclist injuries collected by interviews in the emergency department (ED) with street-level environmental audits of injury locations, capturing path, roadway, safety, land use, and aesthetic characteristics. Cases were bicyclists struck by a motor vehicle (MV) or with severe injuries (hospitalized). Controls were bicyclists who were not hit by a car or those seen and discharged from the ED, matched on time and day of injury. Logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, peak time, and bicyclist speed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to relate injury risk to environmental characteristics. Factors contributing to MV events included greater traffic volume (OR 5.13; 95% CI [1.44, 18.27]), intersections (OR 6.89; 95% CI [1.48, 32.14]), retail establishments (OR 5.56; 95% CI [1.72, 17.98]), and path obstructions (OR 3.83; 95% CI [1.03, 14.25]). Locations where the road was in good condition (OR 0.25; 95% CI [0.07, 0.96]) and where there was high surveillance from surrounding buildings (OR 0.32; 95% CI [0.13, 0.82]) were associated with less severe injuries. These findings could be used by bicyclists and transportation planners to improve safety.

SUBMITTER: Romanow NT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3515916 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Child and adolescent bicycling injuries involving motor vehicle collisions.

Project description:BackgroundBicycle-related injuries are among the most common recreational injuries for children in Canada; moreover, bicycle-motor vehicle collisions often result in serious injuries. This study seeks to examine environmental, motorist, and bicyclist characteristics of bicycle-motor vehicle collisions that resulted in police reported severe injuries in youth (< 18 years old) bicyclists, in Alberta, Canada.FindingsUsing Calgary and Edmonton police collision reports, 423 youth bicycle-motor vehicle collisions were identified from 2010 to 2014. Forty-three (10.2%) of these collisions resulted in major/fatal (severe) injuries. These severe injury cases were compared with the 380 youth bicycle-motor vehicle collisions resulting in minor or no injury (controls) using classification tree and logistic regression analyses. There were no driver or bicyclist characteristics with a significant effect on the odds of severe injury to youth bicyclists; however, lower odds were found on each of: divided roads with no barrier (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.13-0.97) or during peak traffic time (aOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.16-0.99).ConclusionPersonal and environment characteristics should be considered in future research and interventions focused on reducing severe youth bicycle-motor vehicle collision injuries.

| S-EPMC6582693 | biostudies-literature

Genomics-based molecular epidemiology of human clinical and feedlot cattle C. jejuni isolates in Alberta, Canada

2008-10-17 | GSE13228 | GEO

Proteomics of groundwater microbiomes collected from five wells in Alberta, Canada

Project description:Groundwater samples were collected from five wells in Alberta, Canada. The sampling location and time are indicated in the table below. 13 to 29 genomes were assembled from each metagenome. Proteomic analyses were performed to investigate which genomes and genes were expressed in each well. Sample ID Location Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) Sampling date 19GWC19026 218 Cluny 50.85 -112.84 30/07/2019 19GWC19028 114 Ross Creek 49.99 -110.46 31/07/2019 19GWC19045 265 Metiskow 52.42 -110.61 18/09/2019 19GWE00050 991 Cynthia 56.22 -117.81 04/09/2019 19GWE00515 33 Fort McMurray 56.98 -111.85 17/09/2019

2024-05-21 | PXD044305 | Pride

Genomics-based molecular epidemiology of human clinical and feedlot cattle C. jejuni isolates in Alberta, Canada

Project description:Oligonucleotide DNA microarrays were used as a platform to compare C. jejuni isolates from feedlot cattle and human clinical cases from Alberta. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was performed on 87 isolates (46 bovine, 41 human) obtained within the same geographical regions and time frame. In addition, We also performed gene association analysis to determine if any genes may be differentially distributed between human and cattle sources or between clusters dominated by either human or cattle isolates (âhuman enrichedâ vs âcattle enrichedâ). Keywords: Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Genomic epidemiology; Gene-association study Data from 119 microarrays is included in the dataset, representing the 89 bacterial strains analyzed (87 field isolates, 2 control laboratory strains). Replicate arrays for 20 of the 87 field isolates were included in the dataset, as well as 5 replicates for each of the 2 laboratory controls. An array representing 1546 ORFs from strain NCTC 11168 was used in CGH experiments. CGH was performed by comparing signal from each Tester field isolate analyzed vs. signal from the Control strain NCTC 11168. Values represent mean of triplicate spots.

2010-05-18 | E-GEOD-13228 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Follow-up Care of Living Kidney Donors in Alberta, Canada.

Project description:Background:Previous guidelines recommend that living kidney donors receive lifelong annual follow-up care to assess renal health. Objective:To determine whether these best practice recommendations are currently being followed. Design:Retrospective cohort study using linked health care databases. Setting:Alberta, Canada (2002-2014). Patients:Living kidney donors. Measurements:We determined the proportion of donors who had annual outpatient physician visits and laboratory measurements for serum creatinine and albuminuria. Results:There were 534 living kidney donors with a median follow-up of 7 years (maximum 13 years). The median age at the time of donation was 41 years and 62% were women. Overall, 25% of donors had all 3 markers of care (physician visit, serum creatinine, albuminuria measurement) in each year of follow-up. Adherence to physician visits was higher than serum creatinine or albuminuria measurements (67% vs 31% vs 28% of donors, respectively). Donors with guideline-concordant care were more likely to be older, reside closer to the transplant center, and receive their nephrectomy in more recent years. Limitations:Our results may not be generalizable to other countries that do not have a similar universal health care system. Conclusions:These findings suggest significant evidence-practice gaps, in that the majority of donors saw a physician, but the minority had measurements of kidney function or albuminuria. Future interventions should target improving follow-up care for all donors.

| S-EPMC6073841 | biostudies-literature

Cancer incidence attributable to tobacco in Alberta, Canada, in 2012.

Project description:BackgroundStrong and consistent epidemiologic evidence shows that tobacco smoking causes cancers at various sites. The purpose of this study was to quantify the proportion and total number of site-specific cancers in Alberta attributable to tobacco exposure.MethodsThe proportion of incident cancer cases attributable to active and passive tobacco exposure in Alberta was estimated with population attributable risks. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) for 2000-2007 were used to estimate prevalence of active (current or former smoker) and passive (second-hand smoke) tobacco exposure in Alberta.ResultsAccording to the 2000/01 CCHS, 29.1% and 38.6% of Albertans were estimated to be current and former smokers, respectively. According to the 2003 CCHS, 23.7% of Albertans who had never smoked reported regular second-hand exposure to tobacco. Population attributable risk estimates for tobacco-related cancer sites ranged from about 4% for ovarian cancer to 74% for laryngeal cancer. About 5% of incident lung cancers in men and women who never smoked could be attributed to passive tobacco exposure. Overall, 37.0% of tobacco-related cancers in Alberta (or 15.7% of all cancers) were estimated to be attributable to active tobacco smoking in 2012.InterpretationA notable proportion of cancers associated with tobacco use were estimated to be attributable to active smoking in Alberta. Strategies to reduce the prevalence of active tobacco smoking in Alberta could have a considerable impact on future cancer incidence.

| S-EPMC5173469 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of Swine Influenza A(H1N2) Variant, Alberta, Canada, 2020.

Project description:Influenza strains circulating among swine populations can cause outbreaks in humans. In October 2020, we detected a variant influenza A subtype H1N2 of swine origin in a person in Alberta, Canada. We initiated a public health, veterinary, and laboratory investigation to identify the source of the infection and determine whether it had spread. We identified the probable source as a local pig farm where a household contact of the index patient worked. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate closely resembled strains found at that farm in 2017. Retrospective and prospective surveillance using molecular testing did not identify any secondary cases among 1,532 persons tested in the surrounding area. Quick collaboration between human and veterinary public health practitioners in this case enabled a rapid response to a potential outbreak.

| S-EPMC8632177 | biostudies-literature

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Strains, Alberta, Canada, 1991-2007.

Project description:Beijing strains are speculated to have a selective advantage over other Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains because of increased transmissibility and virulence. In Alberta, a province of Canada that receives a large number of immigrants, we conducted a population-based study to determine whether Beijing strains were associated with increased transmission leading to disease compared with non-Beijing strains. Beijing strains accounted for 258 (19%) of 1,379 pulmonary tuberculosis cases in 1991-2007; overall, 21% of Beijing cases and 37% of non-Beijing cases were associated with transmission clusters. Beijing index cases had significantly fewer secondary cases within 2 years than did non-Beijing cases, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for demographic characteristics, infectiousness, and M. tuberculosis lineage. In a province that has effective tuberculosis control, transmission of Beijing strains posed no more of a public health threat than did non-Beijing strains.

| S-EPMC3649004 | biostudies-literature

The Healthcare Cost Burden of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Alberta, Canada.

Project description:ObjectivesLittle is known about the cost burden of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on healthcare systems. Accordingly, we examined the long-term trends of healthcare costs for AMI in the province of Alberta, Canada.MethodsWe linked five Albertan health databases, including ambulatory care, hospitalization, practitioner claims, pharmaceutical information network, and population registry to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of AMI between 2004 and 2013. We used the Alberta Interactive Health Data Application to provide unit costs for ambulatory care and inpatient services, claim paid amounts for physician services, and the Alberta Drug Benefit List for drug prices. Healthcare costs for AMI were grouped into ambulatory care, hospitalization, physician costs, and drug costs. All costs were converted to 2016 Canadian dollar values ($Can).ResultsA total of 52,912 patients with AMI were included in the analysis. Patient age decreased over time, as did the proportion of females. AMI cost the Alberta healthcare system Can$1033 million during the study period; of which the largest proportion was hospitalization costs (Can$716.4 million, 63.1%), followed by drug costs (Can$147.2 million, 21.1%), ambulatory care costs (Can$94.5 million, 8.8%) and physician costs (Can$74.9 million, 7.0%). The cost per AMI hospitalization decreased from Can$14,116 in 2004 to Can$11,792 in 2013 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsHealthcare costs for AMI are significant; however, they decreased slightly during the study period. Hospital services accounted for the largest share of the costs. There are opportunities for further savings in AMI care.

| S-EPMC6249191 | biostudies-literature

Strategies for reforestation under uncertain future climates: guidelines for Alberta, Canada.

Project description:BackgroundCommercial forestry programs normally use locally collected seed for reforestation under the assumption that tree populations are optimally adapted to local environments. However, in western Canada this assumption is no longer valid because of climate trends that have occurred over the last several decades. The objective of this study is to show how we can arrive at reforestation recommendations with alternative species and genotypes that are viable under a majority of climate change scenarios.Methodology/principal findingsIn a case study for commercially important tree species of Alberta, we use an ecosystem-based bioclimate envelope modeling approach for western North America to project habitat for locally adapted populations of tree species using multi-model climate projections for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. We find that genotypes of species that are adapted to drier climatic conditions will be the preferred planting stock over much of the boreal forest that is commercially managed. Interestingly, no alternative species that are currently not present in Alberta can be recommended with any confidence. Finally, we observe large uncertainties in projections of suitable habitat that make reforestation planning beyond the 2050s difficult for most species.Conclusion/significanceMore than 50,000 hectares of forests are commercially planted every year in Alberta. Choosing alternative planting stock, suitable for expected future climates, could therefore offer an effective climate change adaptation strategy at little additional cost. Habitat projections for locally adapted tree populations under observed climate change conform well to projections for the 2020s, which suggests that it is a safe strategy to change current reforestation practices and adapt to new climatic realities through assisted migration prescriptions.

| S-EPMC3154268 | biostudies-literature

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