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ABSTRACT: Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to presentation and clinical outcome. The prognostic value of recently identified somatic mutations has not been systematically evaluated in a phase 3 trial of treatment for AML.Methods
We performed a mutational analysis of 18 genes in 398 patients younger than 60 years of age who had AML and who were randomly assigned to receive induction therapy with high-dose or standard-dose daunorubicin. We validated our prognostic findings in an independent set of 104 patients.Results
We identified at least one somatic alteration in 97.3% of the patients. We found that internal tandem duplication in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD), partial tandem duplication in MLL (MLL-PTD), and mutations in ASXL1 and PHF6 were associated with reduced overall survival (P=0.001 for FLT3-ITD, P=0.009 for MLL-PTD, P=0.05 for ASXL1, and P=0.006 for PHF6); CEBPA and IDH2 mutations were associated with improved overall survival (P=0.05 for CEBPA and P=0.01 for IDH2). The favorable effect of NPM1 mutations was restricted to patients with co-occurring NPM1 and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. We identified genetic predictors of outcome that improved risk stratification among patients with AML, independently of age, white-cell count, induction dose, and post-remission therapy, and validated the significance of these predictors in an independent cohort. High-dose daunorubicin, as compared with standard-dose daunorubicin, improved the rate of survival among patients with DNMT3A or NPM1 mutations or MLL translocations (P=0.001) but not among patients with wild-type DNMT3A, NPM1, and MLL (P=0.67).Conclusions
We found that DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations and MLL translocations predicted an improved outcome with high-dose induction chemotherapy in patients with AML. These findings suggest that mutational profiling could potentially be used for risk stratification and to inform prognostic and therapeutic decisions regarding patients with AML. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others.).
SUBMITTER: Patel JP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3545649 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Patel Jay P JP Gönen Mithat M Figueroa Maria E ME Fernandez Hugo H Sun Zhuoxin Z Racevskis Janis J Van Vlierberghe Pieter P Dolgalev Igor I Thomas Sabrena S Aminova Olga O Huberman Kety K Cheng Janice J Viale Agnes A Socci Nicholas D ND Heguy Adriana A Cherry Athena A Vance Gail G Higgins Rodney R RR Ketterling Rhett P RP Gallagher Robert E RE Litzow Mark M van den Brink Marcel R M MR Lazarus Hillard M HM Rowe Jacob M JM Luger Selina S Ferrando Adolfo A Paietta Elisabeth E Tallman Martin S MS Melnick Ari A Abdel-Wahab Omar O Levine Ross L RL
The New England journal of medicine 20120314 12
<h4>Background</h4>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to presentation and clinical outcome. The prognostic value of recently identified somatic mutations has not been systematically evaluated in a phase 3 trial of treatment for AML.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a mutational analysis of 18 genes in 398 patients younger than 60 years of age who had AML and who were randomly assigned to receive induction therapy with high-dose or standard-dose daunorubicin. We valid ...[more]