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Retrograde bilin signaling enables Chlamydomonas greening and phototrophic survival.


ABSTRACT: The maintenance of functional chloroplasts in photosynthetic eukaryotes requires real-time coordination of the nuclear and plastid genomes. Tetrapyrroles play a significant role in plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in plants to ensure that nuclear gene expression is attuned to the needs of the chloroplast. Well-known sites of synthesis of chlorophyll for photosynthesis, plant chloroplasts also export heme and heme-derived linear tetrapyrroles (bilins), two critical metabolites respectively required for essential cellular activities and for light sensing by phytochromes. Here we establish that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, one of many chlorophyte species that lack phytochromes, can synthesize bilins in both plastid and cytosol compartments. Genetic analyses show that both pathways contribute to iron acquisition from extracellular heme, whereas the plastid-localized pathway is essential for light-dependent greening and phototrophic growth. Our discovery of a bilin-dependent nuclear gene network implicates a widespread use of bilins as retrograde signals in oxygenic photosynthetic species. Our studies also suggest that bilins trigger critical metabolic pathways to detoxify molecular oxygen produced by photosynthesis, thereby permitting survival and phototrophic growth during the light period.

SUBMITTER: Duanmu D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3587268 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Retrograde bilin signaling enables Chlamydomonas greening and phototrophic survival.

Duanmu Deqiang D   Casero David D   Dent Rachel M RM   Gallaher Sean S   Yang Wenqiang W   Rockwell Nathan C NC   Martin Shelley S SS   Pellegrini Matteo M   Niyogi Krishna K KK   Merchant Sabeeha S SS   Grossman Arthur R AR   Lagarias J Clark JC  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20130123 9


The maintenance of functional chloroplasts in photosynthetic eukaryotes requires real-time coordination of the nuclear and plastid genomes. Tetrapyrroles play a significant role in plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in plants to ensure that nuclear gene expression is attuned to the needs of the chloroplast. Well-known sites of synthesis of chlorophyll for photosynthesis, plant chloroplasts also export heme and heme-derived linear tetrapyrroles (bilins), two critical metabolites respectively  ...[more]

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