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Lung myofibroblasts are characterized by down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and its main metabolite, prostaglandin E2.


ABSTRACT:

Background

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the main metabolite of cyclooxygenase (COX), is a well-known anti-fibrotic agent. Moreover, myofibroblasts expressing ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA), fibroblast expansion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are critical to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to investigate the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in human lung myofibroblasts and establish whether fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT) and EMT are associated with COX-2 and PGE2 down-regulation.

Methods

Fibroblasts obtained from IPF patients (n = 6) and patients undergoing spontaneous pneumothorax (control, n = 6) and alveolar epithelial cell line A549 were incubated with TGF-?1 and FMT and EMT markers were evaluated. COX-2 and ?-SMA expression, PGE2 secretion and cell proliferation were measured after IL-1? and PGE2 incubation.

Results

Myofibroblasts from both control and IPF fibroblast cultures stimulated with IL-1? showed no COX-2 expression. IPF fibroblasts showed increased myofibroblast population and reduced COX-2 expression in response to IL-1?. TGF-?1 increased the number of myofibroblasts in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, TGF-?1 induced slight COX-2 expression at 4 h (without increase in myofibroblasts) and 24 h, but not at 72 h. Both IPF and control cultures incubated with TGF-?1 for 72 h showed diminished COX-2 induction, PGE2 secretion and ?-SMA expression after IL-1? addition. The latter decreased proliferation in fibroblasts but not in myofibroblasts. A549 cells incubated with TGF-?1 for 72 h showed down-regulated COX-2 expression and low basal PGE2 secretion in response to IL-1?. Immuno-histochemical analysis of IPF lung tissue showed no COX-2 immuno-reactivity in myofibroblast foci.

Conclusions

Myofibroblasts are associated with COX-2 down-regulation and reduced PGE2 production, which could be crucial in IPF development and progression.

SUBMITTER: Gabasa M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3670886 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Lung myofibroblasts are characterized by down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and its main metabolite, prostaglandin E2.

Gabasa Marta M   Royo Dolores D   Molina-Molina Maria M   Roca-Ferrer Jordi J   Pujols Laura L   Picado Cesar C   Xaubet Antoni A   Pereda Javier J  

PloS one 20130603 6


<h4>Background</h4>Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the main metabolite of cyclooxygenase (COX), is a well-known anti-fibrotic agent. Moreover, myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast expansion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are critical to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to investigate the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in human lung myofibroblasts and establish whether fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT) and EMT are asso  ...[more]

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