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Enhancing secondary ion yields in time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry using water cluster primary beams.

ABSTRACT: Low secondary ion yields from organic and biological molecules are the principal limitation on the future exploitation of time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) as a surface and materials analysis technique. On the basis of the hypothesis that increasing the density of water related fragments in the ion impact zone would enhance proton mediated reactions, a prototype water cluster ion beam has been developed using supersonic jet expansion methodologies that enable ion yields using a 10 keV (H2O)1000(+) beam to be compared with those obtained using a 10 keV Ar1000(+) beam. The ion yields from four standard compounds, arginine, haloperidol, DPPC, and angiotensin II, have been measured under static+ and high ion dose conditions. Ion yield enhancements relative to the argon beam on the order of 10 or more have been observed for all the compounds such that the molecular ion yield per a 1 ?m pixel can be as high as 20, relative to 0.05 under an argon beam. The water beam has also been shown to partially lift the matrix effect in a 1:10 mixture of haloperidol and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) that suppresses the haloperidol signal. These results provide encouragement that further developments of the water cluster beam to higher energies and larger cluster sizes will provide the ion yield enhancements necessary for the future development of TOF-SIMS.

SUBMITTER: Sheraz nee Rabbani S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3686110 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Enhancing secondary ion yields in time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry using water cluster primary beams.

Sheraz née Rabbani Sadia S Barber Andrew A Fletcher John S JS Lockyer Nicholas P NP Vickerman John C JC

Analytical chemistry 20130531 12

Low secondary ion yields from organic and biological molecules are the principal limitation on the future exploitation of time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) as a surface and materials analysis technique. On the basis of the hypothesis that increasing the density of water related fragments in the ion impact zone would enhance proton mediated reactions, a prototype water cluster ion beam has been developed using supersonic jet expansion methodologies that enable ion yields u ...[more]

PMID: 23718847

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Project description:BackgroundTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a surface sensitive mass spectrometry technique with potential strengths as a method for detecting enzymatic activity on solid materials. In particular, ToF-SIMS has been applied to detect the enzymatic degradation of woody lignocellulose. Proof-of-principle experiments previously demonstrated the detection of both lignin-degrading and cellulose-degrading enzymes on solvent-extracted hardwood and softwood. However, these preliminary experiments suffered from low sample throughput and were restricted to samples which had been solvent-extracted in order to minimize the potential for mass interferences between low molecular weight extractive compounds and polymeric lignocellulose components.ResultsThe present work introduces a new, higher-throughput method for processing powdered wood samples for ToF-SIMS, meanwhile exploring likely sources of sample contamination. Multivariate analysis (MVA) including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) was regularly used to check for sample contamination as well as to detect extractives and enzyme activity. New data also demonstrates successful ToF-SIMS analysis of unextracted samples, placing an emphasis on identifying the low-mass secondary ion peaks related to extractives, revealing how extractives change previously established peak ratios used to describe enzyme activity, and elucidating peak intensity patterns for better detection of cellulase activity in the presence of extractives. The sensitivity of ToF-SIMS to a range of cellulase doses is also shown, along with preliminary experiments augmenting the cellulase cocktail with other proteins.ConclusionsThese new procedures increase the throughput of sample preparation for ToF-SIMS analysis of lignocellulose and expand the applications of the method to include unextracted lignocellulose. These are important steps towards the practical use of ToF-SIMS as a tool to screen for changes in plant composition, whether the transformation of the lignocellulose is achieved through enzyme application, plant mutagenesis, or other treatments.

Dataset Information

Enhancing secondary ion yields in time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry using water cluster primary beams.

Publications

Enhancing secondary ion yields in time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry using water cluster primary beams.

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