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Diacylglycerol kinase delta promotes lipogenesis.

ABSTRACT: We have studied the relationship between diacylglycerol kinase delta (DGK?) and lipogenesis. There is a marked increase in the expression of DGK? during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes, as well as in the synthesis of neutral and polar lipids. When 3T3-L1 undifferentiated fibroblasts are transfected to express DGK?, there is increased triglyceride synthesis without differentiation to adipocytes. Hence, expression of DGK? promotes lipogenesis. Lipid synthesis is decreased in DGK? knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts, especially for lipids with shorter acyl chains and limited unsaturation. This reduction occurs for both neutral and polar lipids. These findings suggest reduced de novo lipid synthesis. This is confirmed by measuring the incorporation of glycerol into polar and neutral lipids, which is higher in the wild type cells than in the DGK? knockouts. In comparison, there was no change in lipid synthesis in DGK? knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts. We also demonstrate that the DGK? knockout cells had a lower expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase as well as a lower degree of activation by phosphorylation of ATP citrate lyase. These three enzymes are involved in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that DGK? markedly increases lipid synthesis, at least in part as a result of promoting the de novo synthesis of fatty acids.

SUBMITTER: Shulga YV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3864584 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diacylglycerol kinase delta promotes lipogenesis.

Shulga Yulia V YV Loukov Dessi D Ivanova Pavlina T PT Milne Stephen B SB Myers David S DS Hatch Grant M GM Umeh G G Jalan Divyanshi D Fullerton Morgan D MD Steinberg Gregory R GR Topham Matthew K MK Brown H Alex HA Epand Richard M RM

Biochemistry 20131023 44

We have studied the relationship between diacylglycerol kinase delta (DGKδ) and lipogenesis. There is a marked increase in the expression of DGKδ during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes, as well as in the synthesis of neutral and polar lipids. When 3T3-L1 undifferentiated fibroblasts are transfected to express DGKδ, there is increased triglyceride synthesis without differentiation to adipocytes. Hence, expression of DGKδ promotes lipogenesis. Lipid synthesis is decreased in DGKδ ...[more]

PMID: 24090246

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Project description:Background and aim: Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isoforms catalyze an enzymatic reaction that removes diacylglycerol (DAG) and thereby terminates protein kinase C (PKC) signaling by converting DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA). We have reported that downregulation of DGKδ (type II isozyme) causes peripheral insulin resistance, metabolic inflexibility, and obesity. Our aim was to determine whether overexpression of DGKδ protects against the development of metabolic impairments and obesity. Methods: We generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the human DGKδ2 isoform under the myosin light change promoter (DGKδ TG). We performed deep metabolic phenotyping of DGKδ TG and wild-type mice fed chow or high-fat diet. Mice were also given free access to running wheels to examine the effects of DGKδ overexpression on exercise-induced metabolic outcomes. Results: DGKδ TG mice were leaner than wild-type littermates, with improved glucose tolerance, increased glycogen storage in skeletal muscle, and enhanced glucose uptake in white adipose tissue. Moreover, DGKδ TG mice were protected against high fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance and obesity. DGKδ TG mice had reduced epididymal fat pad weight, and enhanced lipolysis. Strikingly, DGKδ overexpression recapitulates the beneficial effects exercise on metabolic outcomes. DGKδ overexpression and exercise have a synergistic effect on body weight reduction. Microarray analysis of skeletal muscle confirmed an overlap between genes associated with exercise and DGKδ overexpression. Gene ontology signatures of exercise and DGKδ overexpression were related to lipid storage, extracellular matrix, and glycogen biosynthesis pathways. Conclusion: We identify a role for DGKδ in glucose and energy homeostasis. Overexpression of DGKδ induces adaptive changes in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in protection against high fat diet-induced obesity. DGKδ overexpression recapitulates exercise-induced adaptations on energy homeostasis and skeletal muscle gene expression profiles.

Dataset Information

Diacylglycerol kinase delta promotes lipogenesis.

Publications

Diacylglycerol kinase delta promotes lipogenesis.

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