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Highly homologous eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 exhibit differential post-translational modification with significant enrichment around localised sites of sequence variation.

ABSTRACT:

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This article was reviewed by Frank Eisenhaber and Ramanathan Sowdhamini.Translation elongation factors eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are 92% identical but exhibit non-overlapping expression patterns. While the two proteins are predicted to have similar tertiary structures, it is notable that the minor variations between their sequences are highly localised within their modelled structures. We used recently available high-throughput "omics" data to assess the spatial location of post-translational modifications and discovered that they are highly enriched on those surface regions of the protein that correspond to the clusters of sequence variation. This observation suggests how these two isoforms could be differentially regulated allowing them to perform distinct functions.

SUBMITTER: Soares DC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3868327 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly homologous eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 exhibit differential post-translational modification with significant enrichment around localised sites of sequence variation.

Soares Dinesh C DC Abbott Catherine M CM

Biology direct 20131113

<h4>Reviewers</h4>This article was reviewed by Frank Eisenhaber and Ramanathan Sowdhamini.Translation elongation factors eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are 92% identical but exhibit non-overlapping expression patterns. While the two proteins are predicted to have similar tertiary structures, it is notable that the minor variations between their sequences are highly localised within their modelled structures. We used recently available high-throughput "omics" data to assess the spatial location of post-transl ...[more]

PMID: 24220286

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Despite sharing 92% sequence identity, paralogous human translation elongation factor 1 alpha-1 (eEF1A1) and elongation factor 1 alpha-2 (eEF1A2) have different but overlapping functional profiles. This may reflect the differential requirements of the cell-types in which they are expressed and is consistent with complex roles for these proteins that extend beyond delivery of tRNA to the ribosome. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:To investigate the structural basis of these functional differences, we created and validated comparative three-dimensional (3-D) models of eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 on the basis of the crystal structure of homologous eEF1A from yeast. The spatial location of amino acid residues that vary between the two proteins was thereby pinpointed, and their surface electrostatic and lipophilic properties were compared. None of the variations amongst buried amino acid residues are judged likely to have a major structural effect on the protein fold, or to affect domain-domain interactions. Nearly all the variant surface-exposed amino acid residues lie on one face of the protein, in two proximal but distinct sub-clusters. The result of previously performed mutagenesis in yeast may be interpreted as confirming the importance of one of these clusters in actin-bundling and filament disorganization. Interestingly, some variant residues lie in close proximity to, and in a few cases show differences in interactions with, residues previously inferred to be directly involved in binding GTP/GDP, eEF1Balpha and aminoacyl-tRNA. Additional sequence-based predictions, in conjunction with the 3-D models, reveal likely differences in phosphorylation sites that could reconcile some of the functional differences between the two proteins. CONCLUSIONS:The revelation and putative functional assignment of two distinct sub-clusters on the surface of the protein models should enable rational site-directed mutagenesis, including homologous reverse-substitution experiments, to map surface binding patches onto these proteins. The predicted variant-specific phosphorylation sites also provide a basis for experimental verification by mutagenesis. The models provide a structural framework for interpretation of the resulting functional analysis.

Dataset Information

Highly homologous eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 exhibit differential post-translational modification with significant enrichment around localised sites of sequence variation.

Reviewers

Publications

Highly homologous eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 exhibit differential post-translational modification with significant enrichment around localised sites of sequence variation.

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