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Welding and lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case-control studies.

ABSTRACT: Several epidemiologic studies have indicated an increased risk of lung cancer among welders. We used the SYNERGY project database to assess welding as a risk factor for developing lung cancer. The database includes data on 15,483 male lung cancer cases and 18,388 male controls from 16 studies in Europe, Canada, China, and New Zealand conducted between 1985 and 2010. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between regular or occasional welding and lung cancer were estimated, with adjustment for smoking, age, study center, and employment in other occupations associated with lung cancer risk. Overall, 568 cases and 427 controls had ever worked as welders and had an odds ratio of developing lung cancer of 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 1.67) with the odds ratio increasing for longer duration of welding. In never and light smokers, the odds ratio was 1.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.37, 2.79). The odds ratios were somewhat higher for squamous and small cell lung cancers than for adenocarcinoma. Another 1,994 cases and 1,930 controls had ever worked in occupations with occasional welding. Work in any of these occupations was associated with some elevation of risk, though not as much as observed in regular welders. Our findings lend further support to the hypothesis that welding is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

SUBMITTER: Kendzia B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3888276 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Welding and lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case-control studies.

Kendzia Benjamin B Behrens Thomas T Jöckel Karl-Heinz KH Siemiatycki Jack J Kromhout Hans H Vermeulen Roel R Peters Susan S Van Gelder Rainer R Olsson Ann A Brüske Irene I Wichmann H-Erich HE Stücker Isabelle I Guida Florence F Tardón Adonina A Merletti Franco F Mirabelli Dario D Richiardi Lorenzo L Pohlabeln Hermann H Ahrens Wolfgang W Landi Maria Teresa MT Caporaso Neil N Consonni Dario D Zaridze David D Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila N Lissowska Jolanta J Gustavsson Per P Marcus Michael M Fabianova Eleonora E 't Mannetje Andrea A Pearce Neil N Tse Lap Ah LA Yu Ignatius Tak-Sun IT Rudnai Peter P Bencko Vladimir V Janout Vladimir V Mates Dana D Foretova Lenka L Forastiere Francesco F McLaughlin John J Demers Paul P Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas B Boffetta Paolo P Schüz Joachim J Straif Kurt K Pesch Beate B Brüning Thomas T

American journal of epidemiology 20130919 10

Several epidemiologic studies have indicated an increased risk of lung cancer among welders. We used the SYNERGY project database to assess welding as a risk factor for developing lung cancer. The database includes data on 15,483 male lung cancer cases and 18,388 male controls from 16 studies in Europe, Canada, China, and New Zealand conducted between 1985 and 2010. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between regular or occasional welding and lung cancer were estimated, with adjustment for ...[more]

PMID: 24052544

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Project description:BackgroundWhile much research has been done to identify individual workplace lung carcinogens, little is known about joint effects on risk when workers are exposed to multiple agents.ObjectivesWe investigated the pairwise joint effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, metals (i.e., nickel, chromium-VI), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on lung cancer risk, overall and by major histologic subtype, while accounting for cigarette smoking.MethodsIn the international 14-center SYNERGY project, occupational exposures were assigned to 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 control subjects using a quantitative job-exposure matrix (SYN-JEM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for ever vs. never exposure using logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for study center, age, and smoking habits. Joint effects among pairs of agents were assessed on multiplicative and additive scales, the latter by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).ResultsAll pairwise joint effects of lung carcinogens in men were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, asbestos/metals and metals/PAH resulted in less than additive effects; while the chromium-VI/silica pair showed marginally synergistic effect in relation to adenocarcinoma (RERI: 0.24; CI: 0.02, 0.46; p = 0.05). In women, several pairwise joint effects were observed for small cell lung cancer including exposure to PAH/silica (OR = 5.12; CI: 1.77, 8.48), and to asbestos/silica (OR = 4.32; CI: 1.35, 7.29), where exposure to PAH/silica resulted in a synergistic effect (RERI: 3.45; CI: 0.10, 6.8).DiscussionSmall or no deviation from additive or multiplicative effects was observed, but co-exposure to the selected lung carcinogens resulted generally in higher risk than exposure to individual agents, highlighting the importance to reduce and control exposure to carcinogens in workplaces and the general environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13380.

Dataset Information

Welding and lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case-control studies.

Publications

Welding and lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case-control studies.

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