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The smoking habit of a close friend or family member--how deep is the impact? A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: To assess the risk of becoming a smoker in adulthood associated with parental smoking as well as the smoking of siblings and close friends.A cross-sectional study.4 oral healthcare centres in Finland and a follow-up.An age cohort born in 1979 (n=2586) and living in four Finnish towns. Of those reached by the 2008 follow-up, 46.9% (n=1020) responded.Smoking behaviour at the age of 29. Smoking behaviour at the age of 13 and smoking behaviour of family members and close friends.Smoking of a current close friend was strongly associated with participants' own smoking (OR 5.6, 95% CI 3.6 to 8.8). The smoking of a close friend during schooldays was similarly associated (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.5). Smoking among men was associated with the smoking behaviour of mothers and siblings while that among females was not.The impact of a smoker as a close friend is greater than that of a smoking parent or sibling in school age when it comes to smoking behaviour in adulthood. This should be taken into consideration when attempting to prevent smoking initiation or continuation.At clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01348646).

SUBMITTER: Saari AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3931984 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The smoking habit of a close friend or family member--how deep is the impact? A cross-sectional study.

Saari Antti J AJ Kentala Jukka J Mattila Kari J KJ

BMJ open 20140218 2

<h4>Objectives</h4>To assess the risk of becoming a smoker in adulthood associated with parental smoking as well as the smoking of siblings and close friends.<h4>Design</h4>A cross-sectional study.<h4>Setting</h4>4 oral healthcare centres in Finland and a follow-up.<h4>Participants</h4>An age cohort born in 1979 (n=2586) and living in four Finnish towns. Of those reached by the 2008 follow-up, 46.9% (n=1020) responded.<h4>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h4>Smoking behaviour at the age of ...[more]

PMID: 24549158

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Project description:BackgroundNicotine dependence is a significant public health issue, and understanding the factors associated with nicotine dependence in this population is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study examined the association between family functioning and nicotine dependence levels of smoking fathers based on the McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF), providing evidence for future interventions.MethodsIn this study, we selected fathers of first- to fifth-grade students from 10 pilot elementary schools in Qingdao whose families smoked. We used the Fagerstrom test to assess nicotine dependence and the Family Assessment Device to evaluate family functioning. We performed univariate analysis to compare differences among those with different levels of nicotine dependence, and we used an ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the influences related to nicotine dependence.ResultsThis study included 874 smokers, with 78.5% having mild nicotine dependence, 11.7% having moderate dependence, and 9.84% having severe dependence. Univariate analysis showed that smokers with severe dependence had lower education levels, higher prevalence of chronic diseases, more frequent alcohol consumption, and poorer family functioning compared to those with mild to moderate dependence. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that poorer general functioning scores (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.173, P = 0.030), poorer behavioral control (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.026-1.232, P = 0.012), more quit attempts, frequent alcohol consumption, and longer smoking duration may be associated with a higher likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. The older age of starting smoking and higher education level may be associated with a lower likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. However, it is important to note that the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes the determination of causal relationships.ConclusionsThis study finds that heavy nicotine dependence in smoking fathers is associated with risky behaviors and demographics such as longer smoking duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Targeted smoking cessation interventions are crucial for this group, taking these specific factors into consideration. Family functioning, particularly general functioning and behavioral control, may also be linked to nicotine dependence, indicating the need for further research in this area.

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The smoking habit of a close friend or family member--how deep is the impact? A cross-sectional study.

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The smoking habit of a close friend or family member--how deep is the impact? A cross-sectional study.

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