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A rapid assay for measuring nucleotide excision repair by oligonucleotide retrieval.

ABSTRACT: Nucleotide excision repair (NER) excises bulky DNA lesions induced by mutagens and carcinogens. The repair process includes recognition of DNA damage, excision of a short patch of nucleotides containing the damaged base, re-synthesis of a new DNA strand and ligation of the nicks to restore the sequence integrity. Mutation or aberrant transcription of NER genes reduces repair efficiency and results in the accumulation of mutations that is associated with the development of cancer. Here we present a rapid, sensitive and quantitative assay to measure NER activity in human cells, which we term the Oligonucleotide Retrieval Assay (ORA). We used oligonucleotide constructs containing the UV-damaged adduct, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), to transfect human cells, and retrieved the oligonucleotides for quantification of the repaired, CPD-free DNA by real-time quantitative PCR. We demonstrate that ORA can quantify the extent of NER in diverse cell types, including immortalized, primary and stem-like cells.

SUBMITTER: Shen JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4013936 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A rapid assay for measuring nucleotide excision repair by oligonucleotide retrieval.

Shen Jiang-Cheng JC Fox Edward J EJ Ahn Eun Hyun EH Loeb Lawrence A LA

Scientific reports 20140508

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) excises bulky DNA lesions induced by mutagens and carcinogens. The repair process includes recognition of DNA damage, excision of a short patch of nucleotides containing the damaged base, re-synthesis of a new DNA strand and ligation of the nicks to restore the sequence integrity. Mutation or aberrant transcription of NER genes reduces repair efficiency and results in the accumulation of mutations that is associated with the development of cancer. Here we present ...[more]

PMID: 24809800

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Project description:The incorporation of ribonucleotides in DNA has attracted considerable notice in recent years, since the pool of ribonucleotides can exceed that of the deoxyribonucleotides by at least 10-20-fold, and single ribonucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerases appears to be a common event. Moreover ribonucleotides are potentially mutagenic and lead to genome instability. As a consequence, errantly incorporated ribonucleotides are rapidly repaired in a process dependent upon RNase H enzymes. On the other hand, global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes removes damage caused by covalent modifications that typically distort and destabilize DNA through the production of lesions derived from bulky chemical carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, or via crosslinking. However, a recent study challenges this lesion-recognition paradigm. The work of Vaisman et al. (2013) [34] reveals that even a single ribonucleotide embedded in a deoxyribonucleotide duplex is recognized by the bacterial NER machinery in vitro. In their report, the authors show that spontaneous mutagenesis promoted by a steric-gate pol V mutant increases in uvrA, uvrB, or uvrC strains lacking rnhB (encoding RNase HII) and to a greater extent in an NER-deficient strain lacking both RNase HI and RNase HII. Using purified UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC proteins in in vitro assays they show that despite causing little distortion, a single ribonucleotide embedded in a DNA duplex is recognized and doubly-incised by the NER complex. We present the hypothesis to explain the recognition and/or verification of this small lesion, that the critical 2'-OH of the ribonucleotide - with its unique electrostatic and hydrogen bonding properties - may act as a signal through interactions with amino acid residues of the prokaryotic NER complex that are not possible with DNA. Such a mechanism might also be relevant if it were demonstrated that the eukaryotic NER machinery likewise incises an embedded ribonucleotide in DNA.

Dataset Information

A rapid assay for measuring nucleotide excision repair by oligonucleotide retrieval.

Publications

A rapid assay for measuring nucleotide excision repair by oligonucleotide retrieval.

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