Similar Datasets
Project description:Genetic alterations in members of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway are present in a wide spectrum of cancers, but specific treatment options for this patient population are scarce. Here, we show occurrence of putative damaging germline and somatic alterations in NER genes in up to 10% of patients within certain cancer types across a large set of cancers and explored the potential therapeutic role of irofulven for patients with hypomorphic mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes. Gene-edited isogenic pairs of wildtype and mutant ERCC2 or ERCC3 cell lines were used to assess response to irofulven. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed significantly enhanced irofulven sensitivity in cells harboring specific clinically observed heterozygous mutations in ERCC2 or ERCC3. Sensitivity of NER mutants to irofulven was greater than to the current standard of care agent cisplatin. Hypomorphic ERCC2/3 mutant cells had an impaired ability to repair irofulven induced DNA damage. Transcriptomic profiling of the tumor tissues suggested co-dependencies between DNA repair pathways, indicating a potential benefit of combination therapies, which were confirmed by in vitro studies. The present study provides a molecularly targeted, pre-clinical approach to cancers with mutations in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, demonstrating preferential sensitivity to the drug irofulven alone, or in combination with other agents.
2020-06-01 | GSE144761 | GEO
Project description:The rates at which lesions are removed by DNA repair can vary widely throughout the genome with important implications for genomic stability. We measured the distribution of nucleotide excision repair (NER) rates for UV induced lesions throughout the yeast genome. By plotting these repair rates in relation to all ORFs and their associated flanking sequences, we reveal that in normal cells, genomic repair rates display a distinctive pattern, suggesting that DNA repair is highly organised within the genome. We compared genome-wide DNA repair rates in wild type and in RAD16 deleted cells, which are defective in the global genome-NER (GG-NER) sub-pathway, demonstrating how this alters the normalâ¨distribution of NER rates throughout the genome. We examine the genomic locations of global genome NER factor binding in chromatin before and after UV irradiation, and reveal that GG-NER is organized and initiated from specific locations. By controlling the chromatin occupancy of the histone acetyl transferase Gcn5, the GG-NER complex regulates the histone H3 acetylation status and chromatin structure in the vicinity of these genomic sites to promote the efficient DNA repair of UV induced lesions. This demonstrates that chromatin remodeling during the GG-NER process is organized into domains in the genome. Importantly, we demonstrate that deleting the histone modifier GCN5, an accessory factor required for chromatin remodeling during GG-NER, significantly alters the genomic distribution of NER rates. These observations could have important implications for the effect of histone and chromatin modifiers on the distribution of genomic mutations acquired throughout the genome.
2016-07-21 | E-MTAB-4641 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nucleosomes are a significant barrier to the repair of UV damage because they impede damage recognition by nucleotide excision repair (NER). The RSC and SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers function in cells to promote DNA access by moving or evicting nucleosomes and both have been linked to NER in yeast. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells lacking RSC or SWI/SNF activity. Our data indicate that SWI/SNF is not generally required for NER, but instead promotes repair of CPD lesions at specific yeast genes. In contrast, mutation or depletion of RSC subunits causes a general defect in NER across the yeast genome. Our data indicate that RSC is required for repair not only in nucleosomal DNA, but also neighboring linker DNA and nucleosome-free regions (NFRs). Furthermore, our data indicate that RSC plays a direct role in transcription coupled-NER (TC-NER) of transcribed DNA. These findings help to define the specific genomic and chromatin contexts in which each chromatin remodeler functions in DNA repair, and indicate that RSC plays a unique function in facilitating repair by both NER subpathways.
2021-04-12 | GSE161930 | GEO
Project description:Deficient DNA repair capacity is associated with genetic lesions accumulation and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various cellular pathways including DNA repair. Here we hypothesized that the existence of HBV products may interfere with cellular nucleotide excision repair (NER) through microRNA-mediated gene regulation. We found that NER was impaired in HepG2.2.15 cells, a stable HBV-expressing cell line, compared with its parental cell line HepG2. Altered miRNA expression profile, in particular the significant upregulation of miR-192, was observed in HepG2.2.15 cells. Additionally, ERCC3 and ERCC4, two key factors implicated in NER, were identified as targets of miR-192 and over-expressing miR-192 significantly inhibited cellular NER. These results indicated that persistent HBV infection might trigger NER impairment in part through upregulation of miR-192, which suppressed the levels of ERCC3 and ERCC4. It provides new insight into the effect of chronic HBV infection on NER and genetic instability in cancer. A genome-wide miRNAs microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between HepG2.2.15, a stable HBV-expressing cell line, and its parental cell line HepG2.
2011-08-02 | E-GEOD-27561 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Repair of UV damage from the transcribed strand (TS) of yeast genes is rapid due to the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway. TC-NER is triggered when RNA polymerase stalls at UV damage, such as a UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). During transcription, the histone methyltransferase Set2 methylates histone H3K36, but it is not known if Set2 regulates TC-NER. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells lacking Set2.
2022-02-21 | GSE179794 | GEO
Project description:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the major DNA repair pathway that removes UV-induced and bulky DNA lesions. There is currently no structure of NER intermediates, which form around the large multisubunit transcription factor IIH (TFIIH). Here we report the cryo-EM structure of an NER intermediate containing TFIIH and the NER factor XPA. Compared to its transcription conformation, the TFIIH structure is rearranged such that its ATPase subunits XPB and XPD bind double- and single-stranded DNA, consistent with their translocase and helicase activities, respectively. XPA releases the inhibitory kinase module of TFIIH, displaces a ‘plug’ element from the DNA-binding pore in XPD, and together with the NER factor XPG stimulates XPD activity. Our results explain how TFIIH is switched from a transcription to a repair factor, and provide the basis for a mechanistic analysis of the NER pathway.
2019-07-02 | PXD013947 | Pride
Project description:Nucleosomes are a significant barrier to the repair of UV damage because they impede damage recognition by nucleotide excision repair (NER). The RSC chromatin remodeler functions in cells to promote DNA access by moving or evicting nucleosomes and has been linked to NER in yeast. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells lacking Rsc2.
2021-04-12 | GSE168369 | GEO
Project description:We characterized the role of H3K36 methylation in regulating repair of UV damage from the transcribed strand (TS) of yeast genes by the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway. TC-NER is triggered when RNA polymerase stalls at UV damage, such as a UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). During transcription, the histone methyltransferase Set2 methylates histone H3K36, but it is not known if H3K36 methylation regulates TC-NER. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells containing mutants in histone H3K36 (or set2).
2022-02-21 | GSE194101 | GEO
Project description:Nucleic acids can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) structures that can fine tune biological processes. Proteins are required to recognize G4 structures and coordinate their function. We identify Zuo1 as a novel G4-binding protein in a yeast one-hybrid screen. Biochemical and molecular experiments in yeast confirm that Zuo1 specifically binds to G4 structures in vitro and in vivo. In vivo in the absence of Zuo1 less G4 structures form, cell growth slows and cells become UV sensitive. Subsequent experiments reveal that these cellular changes are due to reduced levels of G4 structures. Interestingly, Zuo1 function and binding to G4 structures results in the recruitment of nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors, which has a positive effect on genome stability. Cells lacking functional NER as well as Zuo1 accumulate G4s structures, which become accessible for translesion synthesis. Our results suggest a model in which Zuo1 supports NER function and regulates the choice of the DNA repair pathway near G4 structures.
2020-06-23 | GSE149502 | GEO
Project description:Deficient DNA repair capacity is associated with genetic lesions accumulation and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various cellular pathways including DNA repair. Here we hypothesized that the existence of HBV products may interfere with cellular nucleotide excision repair (NER) through microRNA-mediated gene regulation. We found that NER was impaired in HepG2.2.15 cells, a stable HBV-expressing cell line, compared with its parental cell line HepG2. Altered miRNA expression profile, in particular the significant upregulation of miR-192, was observed in HepG2.2.15 cells. Additionally, ERCC3 and ERCC4, two key factors implicated in NER, were identified as targets of miR-192 and over-expressing miR-192 significantly inhibited cellular NER. These results indicated that persistent HBV infection might trigger NER impairment in part through upregulation of miR-192, which suppressed the levels of ERCC3 and ERCC4. It provides new insight into the effect of chronic HBV infection on NER and genetic instability in cancer.
2011-08-03 | GSE27561 | GEO