Dataset Information

A genome-wide association study of attempted suicide.

ABSTRACT: The heritable component to attempted and completed suicide is partly related to psychiatric disorders and also partly independent of them. Although attempted suicide linkage regions have been identified on 2p11-12 and 6q25-26, there are likely many more such loci, the discovery of which will require a much higher resolution approach, such as the genome-wide association study (GWAS). With this in mind, we conducted an attempted suicide GWAS that compared the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of 1201 bipolar (BP) subjects with a history of suicide attempts to the genotypes of 1497 BP subjects without a history of suicide attempts. In all, 2507 SNPs with evidence for association at P<0.001 were identified. These associated SNPs were subsequently tested for association in a large and independent BP sample set. None of these SNPs were significantly associated in the replication sample after correcting for multiple testing, but the combined analysis of the two sample sets produced an association signal on 2p25 (rs300774) at the threshold of genome-wide significance (P=5.07 × 10(-8)). The associated SNPs on 2p25 fall in a large linkage disequilibrium block containing the ACP1 (acid phosphatase 1) gene, a gene whose expression is significantly elevated in BP subjects who have completed suicide. Furthermore, the ACP1 protein is a tyrosine phosphatase that influences Wnt signaling, a pathway regulated by lithium, making ACP1 a functional candidate for involvement in the phenotype. Larger GWAS sample sets will be required to confirm the signal on 2p25 and to identify additional genetic risk factors increasing susceptibility for attempted suicide.

SUBMITTER: Willour VL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4021719 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A genome-wide association study of attempted suicide.

Willour V L VL Seifuddin F F Mahon P B PB Jancic D D Pirooznia M M Steele J J Schweizer B B Goes F S FS Mondimore F M FM Mackinnon D F DF Perlis R H RH Lee P H PH Huang J J Kelsoe J R JR Shilling P D PD Rietschel M M Nöthen M M Cichon S S Gurling H H Purcell S S Smoller J W JW Craddock N N DePaulo J R JR Schulze T G TG McMahon F J FJ Zandi P P PP Potash J B JB

Molecular psychiatry 20110322 4

The heritable component to attempted and completed suicide is partly related to psychiatric disorders and also partly independent of them. Although attempted suicide linkage regions have been identified on 2p11-12 and 6q25-26, there are likely many more such loci, the discovery of which will require a much higher resolution approach, such as the genome-wide association study (GWAS). With this in mind, we conducted an attempted suicide GWAS that compared the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g ...[more]

PMID: 21423239

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Project description:Suicidal behavior (SB) has a complex etiology of genes, environment or both. One of the genetic components in SB could be copy number variations (CNVs), since CNVs are implicated in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, a recently published genome-wide and case-control study failed to observe a significant role of CNVs in SB (see E-MTAB-3519). Here we complement those initial observations by conducting a brief CNV-association study, for the first time in a family-based trio-sample with severe suicide attempt (SA) outcome in offspring (n=660 trios; the \GISS\ sample, see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422793 and refs therein). For association testing, we here used the FBAT-CNV methodology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18228561), which allows for CNV association testing directly on the raw intensity values (Illumina \log R ratio\), evaluating any type of CNVs (e.g. de novo or inherited) without reliance on CNV calling algorithms and robust to control selection biases. Here we have deposited these raw logR-values for 88,450 on-chip CNV-loci of the HumanOmni1-Quad_v1 chip, arranged in a standard pedigree format used as input for FBAT-CNV analysis in SVS software (goldenhelix.com): column 1 is the family ID, column 2 is the Subject type (1 = offspring, 2 = mother, 3 = father), column 3 is the father ID (? for missing), column 4 is the mother ID (? for missing), column 5 is the sex (1 = female, 0 = male), column 6 is the affection status (1 = suicide attempt, 0 = not affected) and columns 7 and onward are the logR-values for each CNV-loci as is listed in the header row. We observed experiment-wide significant association (P ≤ 5.6 x 10-7) of two proximal CNVs at chromosome 14 (Illumina markers cnvi0108946 and cnvi0118308, with NCBI 36.3 start positions 22794779 and 22582820). However, these CNV-associations mapped to T-cell receptor regions, and therefore most likely reflect inter-individual variation in somatic rearrangements occurring in white blood cells (as our source of DNA was blood), rather than association with SA. In conclusion, our results did not suggest any major role of CNVs in SA etiology, in line with the results of the recent case-control study (see E-MTAB-3519).

Project description:The polyamine system has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions, which display both alterations in polyamine levels and altered expression of genes related to polyamine metabolism. Studies have identified associations between genetic variants in spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1) and both anxiety and suicide, and several polymorphisms appear to play important roles in determining gene expression.We genotyped 63 polymorphisms, spread across four polyaminergic genes (SAT1, spermine synthase (SMS), spermine oxidase (SMOX), and ornithine aminotransferase like-1 (OATL1)), in 1255 French-Canadian individuals who have been followed longitudinally for 22 years. We assessed univariate associations with anxiety, mood disorders, and attempted suicide, as assessed during early adulthood. We also investigated the involvement of gene-environment interactions in terms of childhood abuse, and assessed internalizing and externalizing symptoms as endophenotypes mediating these interactions. Overall, each gene was associated with at least one main outcome: anxiety (SAT1, SMS), mood disorders (SAT1, SMOX), and suicide attempts (SAT1, OATL1). Several SAT1 polymorphisms displayed disease-specific risk alleles, and polymorphisms in this gene were involved in gene-gene interactions with SMS to confer risk for anxiety disorders, as well as gene-environment interactions between childhood physical abuse and mood disorders. Externalizing behaviors demonstrated significant mediation with regards to the association between OATL1 and attempted suicide, however there was no evidence that externalizing or internalizing behaviors were appropriate endophenotypes to explain the associations with mood or anxiety disorders. Finally, childhood sexual abuse did not demonstrate mediating influences on any of our outcomes.These results demonstrate that genetic variants in polyaminergic genes are associated with psychiatric conditions, each of which involves a set of separate and distinct risk alleles. As several of these polymorphisms are associated with gene expression, these findings may provide mechanisms to explain the alterations in polyamine metabolism which have been observed in psychiatric disorders.

Project description:ObjectiveDeath by suicide is a highly preventable yet growing worldwide health crisis. To date, there has been a lack of adequately powered genomic studies of suicide, with no sizable suicide death cohorts available for analysis. To address this limitation, the authors conducted the first comprehensive genomic analysis of suicide death using previously unpublished genotype data from a large population-ascertained cohort.MethodsThe analysis sample comprised 3,413 population-ascertained case subjects of European ancestry and 14,810 ancestrally matched control subjects. Analytical methods included principal component analysis for ancestral matching and adjusting for population stratification, linear mixed model genome-wide association testing (conditional on genetic-relatedness matrix), gene and gene set-enrichment testing, and polygenic score analyses, as well as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability and genetic correlation estimation using linkage disequilibrium score regression.ResultsGenome-wide association analysis identified two genome-wide significant loci (involving six SNPs: rs34399104, rs35518298, rs34053895, rs66828456, rs35502061, and rs35256367). Gene-based analyses implicated 22 genes on chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19 (q<0.05). Suicide death heritability was estimated at an h2SNP value of 0.25 (SE=0.04) and a value of 0.16 (SE=0.02) when converted to a liability scale. Notably, suicide polygenic scores were significantly predictive across training and test sets. Polygenic scores for several other psychiatric disorders and psychological traits were also predictive, particularly scores for behavioral disinhibition and major depressive disorder.ConclusionsMultiple genome-wide significant loci and genes were identified and polygenic score prediction of suicide death case-control status was demonstrated, adjusting for ancestry, in independent training and test sets. Additionally, the suicide death sample was found to have increased genetic risk for behavioral disinhibition, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, and alcohol use disorder compared with the control sample.

Project description:ObjectiveThe propensity of people vulnerable to suicide to make poor life decisions is increasingly well documented. Do they display an extreme degree of decision biases? The present study used a behavioral-decision approach to examine the susceptibility of low-lethality and high-lethality suicide attempters to common decision biases that may ultimately obscure alternative solutions and deterrents to suicide in a crisis.MethodWe assessed older and middle-aged (42-97 years) individuals who made high-lethality (medically serious) (n = 31) and low-lethality suicide attempts (n = 29). Comparison groups included suicide ideators (n = 30), nonsuicidal depressed participants (n = 53), and psychiatrically healthy participants (n = 28). Attempters, ideators, and nonsuicidal depressed participants had nonpsychotic major depression (DSM-IV criteria). Decision biases included sunk cost (inability to abort an action for which costs are irrecoverable), framing (responding to superficial features of how a problem is presented), underconfidence/overconfidence (appropriateness of confidence in knowledge), and inconsistent risk perception. Data were collected between June 2010 and February 2014.ResultsBoth high- and low-lethality attempters were more susceptible to framing effects as compared to the other groups included in this study (P ≤ .05, ηp2 = 0.06). In contrast, low-lethality attempters were more susceptible to sunk costs than both the comparison groups and high-lethality attempters (P ≤ .01, ηp2 = 0.09). These group differences remained after accounting for age, global cognitive performance, and impulsive traits. Premorbid IQ partially explained group differences in framing effects.ConclusionsSuicide attempters' failure to resist framing may reflect their inability to consider a decision from an objective standpoint in a crisis. Failure of low-lethality attempters to resist sunk cost may reflect their tendency to confuse past and future costs of their behavior, lowering their threshold for acting on suicidal thoughts.

Dataset Information

A genome-wide association study of attempted suicide.

Publications

A genome-wide association study of attempted suicide.

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