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Diversity-oriented synthesis yields a new drug lead for treatment of chagas disease.

ABSTRACT: A phenotypic high-throughput screen using ?100,000 compounds prepared using Diversity-Oriented Synthesis yielded stereoisomeric compounds with nanomolar growth-inhibition activity against the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. After evaluating stereochemical dependence on solubility, plasma protein binding and microsomal stability, the SSS analogue (5) was chosen for structure-activity relationship studies. The p-phenoxy benzyl group appended to the secondary amine could be replaced with halobenzyl groups without loss in potency. The exocyclic primary alcohol is not needed for activity but the isonicotinamide substructure is required for activity. Most importantly, these compounds are trypanocidal and hence are attractive as drug leads for both acute and chronic stages of Chagas disease. Analogue (5) was nominated as the molecular libraries probe ML341 and is available through the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network.

SUBMITTER: Dandapani S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4027639 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diversity-oriented synthesis yields a new drug lead for treatment of chagas disease.

Dandapani Sivaraman S Germain Andrew R AR Jewett Ivan I le Quement Sebastian S Marie Jean-Charles JC Muncipinto Giovanni G Duvall Jeremy R JR Carmody Leigh C LC Perez Jose R JR Engel Juan C JC Gut Jiri J Kellar Danielle D Siqueira-Neto Jair Lage JL McKerrow James H JH Kaiser Marcel M Rodriguez Ana A Palmer Michelle A MA Foley Michael M Schreiber Stuart L SL Munoz Benito B

ACS medicinal chemistry letters 20131229 2

A phenotypic high-throughput screen using ∼100,000 compounds prepared using Diversity-Oriented Synthesis yielded stereoisomeric compounds with nanomolar growth-inhibition activity against the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. After evaluating stereochemical dependence on solubility, plasma protein binding and microsomal stability, the SSS analogue (5) was chosen for structure-activity relationship studies. The p-phenoxy benzyl group appended to the secondary am ...[more]

PMID: 24900788

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Project description:We tested the antituberculosis drug SQ109, which is currently in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, for its in vitro activity against the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. SQ109 was found to be a potent inhibitor of the trypomastigote form of the parasite, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for cell killing of 50 ± 8 nM, but it had little effect (50% effective concentration [EC50], ?80 ?M) in a red blood cell hemolysis assay. It also inhibited extracellular epimastigotes (IC50, 4.6 ± 1 ?M) and the clinically relevant intracellular amastigotes (IC50, ?0.5 to 1 ?M), with a selectivity index of ?10 to 20. SQ109 caused major ultrastructural changes in all three life cycle forms, as observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It rapidly collapsed the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (??m) in succinate-energized mitochondria, acting in the same manner as the uncoupler FCCP [carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone], and it caused the alkalinization of internal acidic compartments, effects that are likely to make major contributions to its mechanism of action. The compound also had activity against squalene synthase, binding to its active site; it inhibited sterol side-chain reduction and, in the amastigote assay, acted synergistically with the antifungal drug posaconazole, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.48, but these effects are unlikely to account for the rapid effects seen on cell morphology and cell killing. SQ109 thus most likely acts, at least in part, by collapsing ??/?pH, one of the major mechanisms demonstrated previously for its action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Overall, the results suggest that SQ109, which is currently in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, may also have potential as a drug lead against Chagas disease.

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Diversity-oriented synthesis yields a new drug lead for treatment of chagas disease.

Publications

Diversity-oriented synthesis yields a new drug lead for treatment of chagas disease.

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