Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4034219 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Wu XiaoLei X Jiang Ping P Chen Liu L Yuan Fuping F Zhu Yuntian T YT
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20140505 20
Gradient structures have evolved over millions of years through natural selection and optimization in many biological systems such as bones and plant stems, where the structures change gradually from the surface to interior. The advantage of gradient structures is their maximization of physical and mechanical performance while minimizing material cost. Here we report that the gradient structure in engineering materials such as metals renders a unique extra strain hardening, which leads to high d ...[more]