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High resolution MRI anatomy of the cat brain at 3 Tesla.

ABSTRACT: Feline models of neurologic diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases, leukodystrophies, Parkinson's disease, stroke and NeuroAIDS, accurately recreate many aspects of human disease allowing for comparative study of neuropathology and the testing of novel therapeutics. Here we describe in vivo visualization of fine structures within the feline brain that were previously only visible post mortem.3Tesla MR images were acquired using T1-weighted (T1w) 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence (0.4mm isotropic resolution) and T2-weighted (T2w) turbo spin echo (TSE) images (0.3mm×0.3mm×1mm resolution). Anatomic structures were identified based on feline and canine histology.T2w high resolution MR images with detailed structural identification are provided in transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes. T1w MR images are provided electronically in three dimensions for unrestricted spatial evaluation.Many areas of the feline brain previously unresolvable on MRI are clearly visible in three orientations, including the dentate, interpositus and fastigial cerebellar nuclei, cranial nerves, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiation, cochlea, caudal colliculus, temporal lobe, precuneus, spinocerebellar tract, vestibular nuclei, reticular formation, pyramids and rostral and middle cerebral arteries. Additionally, the feline brain is represented in three dimensions for the first time.These data establish normal appearance of detailed anatomical structures of the feline brain, which provide reference when evaluating neurologic disease or testing efficacy of novel therapeutics in animal models.

SUBMITTER: Gray-Edwards HL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4060963 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High resolution MRI anatomy of the cat brain at 3 Tesla.

Gray-Edwards Heather L HL Salibi Nouha N Josephson Eleanor M EM Hudson Judith A JA Cox Nancy R NR Randle Ashley N AN McCurdy Victoria J VJ Bradbury Allison M AM Wilson Diane U DU Beyers Ronald J RJ Denney Thomas S TS Martin Douglas R DR

Journal of neuroscience methods 20140210

<h4>Background</h4>Feline models of neurologic diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases, leukodystrophies, Parkinson's disease, stroke and NeuroAIDS, accurately recreate many aspects of human disease allowing for comparative study of neuropathology and the testing of novel therapeutics. Here we describe in vivo visualization of fine structures within the feline brain that were previously only visible post mortem.<h4>New method</h4>3Tesla MR images were acquired using T1-weighted (T1w) 3D mag ...[more]

PMID: 24525327

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Project description:ObjectivesTo test the diagnostic accuracy of a 3D dual-echo steady-state (DESS) sequence at 7-T MRI regarding the detection of chondral calcific deposits of the knee in comparison to 3-T MRI, using CT as cross-sectional imaging reference standard.MethodsCT and 7-T MRI (DESS) of knee joints in 42 patients with radiographically known chondrocalcinosis (13 of 42 bilateral) were prospectively acquired for all included patients (n = 55 knee joints). Additionally, 3-T MRI (DESS) was performed for 20 of these 55 knee joints. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists scored eight cartilage regions of each knee joint separately regarding presence of cartilage calcification, diagnostic confidence level, and sharpness of calcific deposits. In an explorative subanalysis, micro-CT of the menisci was evaluated after knee arthroplasty in one patient. Diagnostic performance metrics and nonparametric tests were used to compare between modalities. p values < 0.05 were considered to represent statistical significance.ResultsSensitivity for chondrocalcinosis detection was significantly higher for 7-T MRI (100%) compared to 3-T MRI (reader 1: 95.9%, p = 0.03; reader 2: 93.2%, p = 0.002). The diagnostic confidence was significantly higher for both readers at 7 T compared to both 3-T MRI (p < 0.001) and to CT (p = 0.03). The delineation of chondral calcifications was significantly sharper for 7-T compared to both 3-T MRI and CT (p < 0.001, both readers). Micro-CT in one patient suggested that 7-T MRI may potentially outperform standard CT in diagnosing chondral calcifications.Conclusion3D-DESS imaging at 7-T MRI offers a significantly higher sensitivity in detection of chondral calcific deposits compared to 3-T MRI.Key points• 3D dual-echo steady-state (DESS) MRI at 7 T has a higher sensitivity in detection of chondral calcific deposits compared to 3-T MRI (p ≤ 0.03). • 3D DESS MRI at 7 T yields no false-negative cases regarding presence of chondral calcific deposits. • 3D DESS MRI at 7 T offers better delineation and higher diagnostic confidence in detection of chondral calcific deposits compared to 3-T MRI (p < 0.001).

Project description:Imaging techniques of the mitral valve have improved tremendously during the last decade, but challenges persist. The delicate changes in annulus shape and papillary muscle position throughout the cardiac cycle have significant impact on the stress distribution in the leaflets and chords, thus preservation of anatomically accurate positioning is critical. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro method and apparatus for obtaining high-resolution 3D MRI images of porcine mitral valves in both the diastolic and systolic configurations with physiologically appropriate annular shape, papillary muscle positions and orientations, specific to the heart from which the valve was harvested. Positioning and mounting was achieved through novel, customized mounting hardware consisting of papillary muscle and annulus holders with geometries determined via pre-mortem ultrasonic intra-valve measurements. A semi-automatic process was developed and employed to tailor Computer Aided Design models of the holders used to mount the valve. All valve mounting hardware was 3D printed using a stereolithographic printer, and the material of all fasteners used were brass for MRI compatibility. The mounted valves were placed within a clear acrylic case, capable of holding a zero-pressure and pressurized liquid bath of a MRI-compatible fluid. Obtaining images from the valve submerged in liquid fluid mimics the natural environment surrounding the valve, avoiding artefacts due to tissue surface tension mismatch and gravitational impact on tissue shape when not neutrally buoyant. Fluid pressure was supplied by reservoirs held at differing elevations and monitored and controlled to within ±1mmHg to ensure that the valves remained steady. The valves were scanned in a 7 Tesla MRI system providing a voxel resolution of at least 80?m. The systematic approach produced 3D datasets of high quality which, when combined with physiologically accurate positioning by the apparatus, can serve as an important input for validated computational models.

Project description:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the rodent brain at ultra-high magnetic fields (> 9.4 Tesla) offers a higher signal-to-noise ratio that can be exploited to reduce image acquisition time or provide higher spatial resolution. However, significant challenges are presented due to a combination of longer T1 and shorter T2/T2* relaxation times and increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility resulting in severe local-field inhomogeneity artefacts from air pockets and bone/brain interfaces. The Stejskal-Tanner spin echo diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence is often used in high-field rodent brain MRI due to its immunity to these artefacts. To accurately determine diffusion-tensor or fibre-orientation distribution, high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) with strong diffusion weighting (b >3000 s/mm2) and at least 30 diffusion-encoding directions are required. However, this results in long image acquisition times unsuitable for live animal imaging. In this study, we describe the optimization of HARDI acquisition parameters at 16.4T using a Stejskal-Tanner sequence with echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout. EPI segmentation and partial Fourier encoding acceleration were applied to reduce the echo time (TE), thereby minimizing signal decay and distortion artefacts while maintaining a reasonably short acquisition time. The final HARDI acquisition protocol was achieved with the following parameters: 4 shot EPI, b = 3000 s/mm2, 64 diffusion-encoding directions, 125×150 ?m2 in-plane resolution, 0.6 mm slice thickness, and 2h acquisition time. This protocol was used to image a cohort of adult C57BL/6 male mice, whereby the quality of the acquired data was assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived parameters were measured. High-quality images with high spatial and angular resolution, low distortion and low variability in DTI-derived parameters were obtained, indicating that EPI-DWI is feasible at 16.4T to study animal models of white matter (WM) diseases.

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High resolution MRI anatomy of the cat brain at 3 Tesla.

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High resolution MRI anatomy of the cat brain at 3 Tesla.

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