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Bioactive cyclometalated phthalimides: design, synthesis and kinase inhibition.

ABSTRACT: The regioselective cyclometalation of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)phthalimide was exploited for the economical design of organometallic protein kinase inhibitors. 4-(Pyridin-2-yl)phthalimide can be prepared from inexpensive 4-bromophthalimide in just three steps including one Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling. The versatility of this new ligand was demonstrated with the synthesis of ruthenium(II) half-sandwich as well as octahedral ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes. The regioselectivity of the C-H activation in the course of the cyclometalation can be influenced by the reaction conditions and the steric demand of the introduced metal complex fragment. The biological activity of this new class of metalated phthalimides was evaluated by profiling two representative members against a large panel of human protein kinases. A cocrystal structure of one metallo-phthalimide with the protein kinase Pim1 confirmed an ATP-competitive binding with the intended hydrogen bonding between the phthalimide moiety and the hinge region of the ATP-binding site.

SUBMITTER: Blanck S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4092256 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bioactive cyclometalated phthalimides: design, synthesis and kinase inhibition.

Blanck Sebastian S Geisselbrecht Yann Y Kräling Katja K Middel Stephen S Mietke Thomas T Harms Klaus K Essen Lars-Oliver LO Meggers Eric E

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 20120626 31

The regioselective cyclometalation of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)phthalimide was exploited for the economical design of organometallic protein kinase inhibitors. 4-(Pyridin-2-yl)phthalimide can be prepared from inexpensive 4-bromophthalimide in just three steps including one Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling. The versatility of this new ligand was demonstrated with the synthesis of ruthenium(II) half-sandwich as well as octahedral ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes. The regioselectivity of the C-H a ...[more]

PMID: 22733119

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Project description:BackgroundSeveral 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives show anticancer properties. However, their mode of action is not fully characterized. To develop potent anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, we designed and synthesized 25 4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives containing a guanidine moiety.MethodsClonogenic long-term survival assays were performed to screen anticancer compounds. To derive the structural conditions showing good cytotoxicities against cancer cells, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were calculated. Biological activities were determined by flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and by immunoblot analysis for the detection of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) activity. Because 2-(2-Amino-6-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl) phenol (derivative 12) selectively inhibited AURKA activity from the kinome assay, in silico docking experiments were performed to elucidate the molecular binding mode between derivative 12 and AURKA.ResultsThe pharmacophores were derived based on the QSAR calculations. Derivative 12 inhibited AURKA activity and reduced phosphorylation of AURKA at Thr283 in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Derivative 12 caused the accumulation of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and triggered the cleavages of caspase-3, caspase -7, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The binding energies of 30 apo-AURKA - derivative 12 complexes obtained from in silico docking ranged from -16.72 to -11.63 kcal/mol.ConclusionsDerivative 12 is an AURKA inhibitor, which reduces clonogenicity, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and induces caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. In silico docking demonstrated that derivative 12 binds to AURKA well. The structure-activity relationship calculations showed hydrophobic substituents and 1-naphthalenyl group at the R2 position increased the activity. The existence of an H-bond acceptor at C-2 of the R1 position increased the activity, too. Graphical abstract Derivative 12 inhibits Aurora kinase A activity and causes the G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle.

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Bioactive cyclometalated phthalimides: design, synthesis and kinase inhibition.

Publications

Bioactive cyclometalated phthalimides: design, synthesis and kinase inhibition.

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