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Vertically-aligned BCN nanotube arrays with superior performance in electrochemical capacitors.

ABSTRACT: Electrochemical capacitors (EC) have received tremendous interest due to their high potential to satisfy the urgent demand in many advanced applications. The development of new electrode materials is considered to be the most promising approach to enhance the EC performance substantially. Herein, we present a high-capacity capacitor material based on vertically-aligned BC?N nanotube arrays (VA-BC?NNTAs) synthesized by low temperature solvothermal route. The obtained VA-BC?NNTAs display the good aligned nonbuckled tubular structure, which could indeed advantageously enhance capacitor performance. VA-BC?NNTAs exhibit an extremely high specific capacitance, 547?Fg(-1), which is about 2-6 times larger than that of the presently available carbon-based materials. Meanwhile, VA-BC?NNTAs maintain an excellent rate capability and high durability. All these characteristics endow VA-BC?NNTAs an alternative promising candidate for an efficient electrode material for electrochemical capacitors (EC).

SUBMITTER: Zhou J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4133702 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vertically-aligned BCN nanotube arrays with superior performance in electrochemical capacitors.

Zhou Junshuang J Li Na N Gao Faming F Zhao Yufeng Y Hou Li L Xu Ziming Z

Scientific reports 20140815

Electrochemical capacitors (EC) have received tremendous interest due to their high potential to satisfy the urgent demand in many advanced applications. The development of new electrode materials is considered to be the most promising approach to enhance the EC performance substantially. Herein, we present a high-capacity capacitor material based on vertically-aligned BC₂N nanotube arrays (VA-BC₂NNTAs) synthesized by low temperature solvothermal route. The obtained VA-BC₂NNTAs display the good ...[more]

PMID: 25124300

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Project description:The catalytic chemical vapour deposition (c-CVD) technique was applied in the synthesis of vertically aligned arrays of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). A mixture of toluene (main carbon source), pyrazine (1,4-diazine, nitrogen source) and ferrocene (catalyst precursor) was used as the injection feedstock. To optimize conditions for growing the most dense and aligned N-CNT arrays, we investigated the influence of key parameters, i.e., growth temperature (660, 760 and 860 °C), composition of the feedstock and time of growth, on morphology and properties of N-CNTs. The presence of nitrogen species in the hot zone of the quartz reactor decreased the growth rate of N-CNTs down to about one twentieth compared to the growth rate of multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs). As revealed by electron microscopy studies (SEM, TEM), the individual N-CNTs (half as thick as MWCNTs) grown under the optimal conditions were characterized by a superior straightness of the outer walls, which translated into a high alignment of dense nanotube arrays, i.e., 5 × 10(8) nanotubes per mm(2) (100 times more than for MWCNTs grown in the absence of nitrogen precursor). In turn, the internal crystallographic order of the N-CNTs was found to be of a 'bamboo'-like or 'membrane'-like (multi-compartmental structure) morphology. The nitrogen content in the nanotube products, which ranged from 0.0 to 3.0 wt %, was controlled through the concentration of pyrazine in the feedstock. Moreover, as revealed by Raman/FT-IR spectroscopy, the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the nanotube walls was found to be proportional to the number of deviations from the sp(2)-hybridisation of graphene C-atoms. As studied by XRD, the temperature and the [pyrazine]/[ferrocene] ratio in the feedstock affected the composition of the catalyst particles, and hence changed the growth mechanism of individual N-CNTs into a 'mixed base-and-tip' (primarily of the base-type) type as compared to the purely 'base'-type for undoped MWCNTs.

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Vertically-aligned BCN nanotube arrays with superior performance in electrochemical capacitors.

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Vertically-aligned BCN nanotube arrays with superior performance in electrochemical capacitors.

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