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Chemotherapy-related reactivation of hepatitis B infection: updates in 2013.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B reactivation is a potentially serious complication of anticancer chemotherapy, which occurs during and after therapy. This condition affects primarily hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients, but sometimes HBsAg-negative patients can be at risk, based only on evidence of past infection or occult infection with a low titer of detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The clinical outcomes vary with the different degrees of virologic and biochemical rebound, ranging from asymptomatic elevations in liver enzymes to hepatic failure and even death. Despite the remarkable advancement in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B over the past decade, proper strategies for the prevention and management of HBV reactivation remain elusive. Moreover, with the increasing use of rituximab in patients with lymphoma, HBV reactivation in occult or past infections has become increasingly problematic, especially in HBV-endemic regions. This review addresses the current knowledge on the clinical aspects and management of chemotherapy-related HBV reactivation, updates from recent reports, several unresolved issues and future perspectives.

SUBMITTER: Kim HY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4209525 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chemotherapy-related reactivation of hepatitis B infection: updates in 2013.

Kim Hwi Young HY Kim Won W

World journal of gastroenterology 20141001 40

Hepatitis B reactivation is a potentially serious complication of anticancer chemotherapy, which occurs during and after therapy. This condition affects primarily hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients, but sometimes HBsAg-negative patients can be at risk, based only on evidence of past infection or occult infection with a low titer of detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The clinical outcomes vary with the different degrees of virologic and biochemical rebound, ranging from as ...[more]

PMID: 25356022

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Project description:BackgroundLamivudine is increasingly being used to prevent hepatitis B reactivation in patients with cancer who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and are undergoing chemotherapy.PurposeTo determine whether preventive lamivudine reduces chemotherapy-induced hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer who test positive for HBsAg.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, TOXNET, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in all languages until June 2007.Study selectionClinical trials and cohort studies that reported the efficacy of preventive lamivudine versus control on HBV reactivation in patients who tested positive for HBsAg and were receiving chemotherapy were included. Additional requirements included minimum sample size (>5 participants per treatment group) and reported HBV-related morbidity and mortality data.Data extractionTwo investigators independently did literature searches and data extraction, and 2 other investigators independently confirmed study eligibility and data retrieval.Data synthesisFourteen studies (2 randomized, controlled trials; 8 prospective cohort studies; and 4 retrospective cohort studies) met the predefined criteria for analysis. There were 275 patients in the preventive lamivudine group and 475 control participants for the primary end point of HBV reactivation. With preventive lamivudine, the relative risk for both HBV reactivation and HBV-related hepatitis ranged from 0.00 to 0.21. None of the patients in the preventive lamivudine group developed HBV-related hepatic failure (0 of 108 patients vs. 21 of 162 patients), and only 4 deaths were attributable to HBV (4 of 208 patients vs. 27 of 394 patients) in the preventive lamivudine group. Lamivudine was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were noted.LimitationsThe studies included in the meta-analysis did not consistently report all of the outcomes of interest. Sample sizes were small and only 2 studies had a randomized, controlled design.ConclusionPreventive therapy with lamivudine for patients who test positive for HBsAg and are undergoing chemotherapy may reduce the risk for HBV reactivation and HBV-associated morbidity and mortality.

Project description:BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem and China has the largest disease burden. Literatures focusing on economic-related inequalities in HBV infection among pregnant women are scarce. We aimed to quantify the economic-related inequalities and the change over time in HBV infection among pregnant women in mainland China from 2013 to 2020 to inform strategies considering economic-related inequalities.MethodsWe used national cross-sectional secondary data of pregnant women in 30 provinces from the National Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B Programme (iPMTCT Programme) from 2013 to 2020. We calculated concentration index and adjusted difference between the rich and the poor in the multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to measure economic-related inequality, after adjusted other risk factors.FindingsIn this study, a total of 115,789,148 pregnant women of mainland China from 2013 to 2020 were included, the overall hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 6.27% (95%CI: 6.26%-6.28%). The curve lay above the equality line, with the negative value of the concentration index of -0.027, which indicated that economic-related health disparities exist in the distribution of HBV infection and the inequality disadvantageous to the poor (pro-poor). The concentration index showed a trend of fluctuating decline, indicating that economic-related inequalities in HBsAg prevalence were narrowing. The adjust difference between counties with lowest economic level and counties with highest economic level (reference group) were 46.3% in HBsAg prevalence (all p<0.05) in the multivariable GEE model, after controlling other confounders. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between low economic level and high HBsAg prevalence that the adjust difference increased from 15.6% (aOR=1.156, 95% CI: 1.064-1.257) in the high-economic group to 46.3% (aOR=1.463, 95% CI: 1.294-1.824) in the lowest-economic group, compared with the highest-economic group. The association between low economic level and high HBsAg prevalence was stable in the sensitivity analysis.InterpretationHBV infection was more concentrated among population with lower economic status. Economic-related inequalities in HBV infection decreased in the past decade. Our findings highlight the importance of developing equity-oriented policies and targeted interventions to reduce HBV infection among the poor and hard-to-reach populations to achieve the 2030 HBV elimination goals on time.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China.

Dataset Information

Chemotherapy-related reactivation of hepatitis B infection: updates in 2013.

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Chemotherapy-related reactivation of hepatitis B infection: updates in 2013.

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