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Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity.

ABSTRACT: Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction is associated with the psychological symptoms of alcohol dependence. Finally, we tested the reversibility of the biological and behavioral parameters after a short-term detoxification program. We found that some, but not all, alcohol-dependent subjects developed gut leakiness, which was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important psychological factors of relapse. Moreover, subjects with increased gut permeability also had altered composition and activity of the gut microbiota. These results suggest the existence of a gut-brain axis in alcohol dependence, which implicates the gut microbiota as an actor in the gut barrier and in behavioral disorders. Thus, the gut microbiota seems to be a previously unidentified target in the management of alcohol dependence.

SUBMITTER: Leclercq S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4210345 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity.

Leclercq Sophie S Matamoros Sébastien S Cani Patrice D PD Neyrinck Audrey M AM Jamar François F Stärkel Peter P Windey Karen K Tremaroli Valentina V Bäckhed Fredrik F Verbeke Kristin K de Timary Philippe P Delzenne Nathalie M NM

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20141006 42

Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction i ...[more]

PMID: 25288760

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Dataset Information

Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity.

Publications

Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity.

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