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Functional divergence of eukaryotic RNA polymerases: unique properties of RNA polymerase I suit its cellular role.


ABSTRACT: Eukaryotic cells express at least three unique nuclear RNA polymerases. The selective advantage provided by this enhanced complexity is a topic of fundamental interest in cell biology. It has long been known that the gene targets and transcription initiation pathways for RNA polymerases (Pols) I, II and III are distinct; however, recent genetic, biochemical and structural data suggest that even the core enzymes have evolved unique properties. Among the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, Pol I is considered the most divergent. Transcription of the ribosomal DNA by Pol I is unmatched in its high rate of initiation, complex organization within the nucleolus and functional connection to ribosome assembly. Furthermore, ribosome synthesis is intimately linked to cell growth and proliferation. Thus, there is intense selective pressure on Pol I. This review describes key features of Pol I transcription, discusses catalytic activities of the enzyme and focuses on recent advances in understanding its unique role among eukaryotic RNA polymerases.

SUBMITTER: Viktorovskaya OV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4272624 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular characterization and chromosomal mapping of the 5S rRNA gene in Solea senegalensis: a new linkage to the U1, U2, and U5 small nuclear RNA genes.

Manchado Manuel M   Zuasti Eugenia E   Cross Ismael I   Merlo Alejandro A   Infante Carlos C   Rebordinos Laureana L  

Genome 20060101 1


Some units of the 5S rDNA of Solea senegalensis were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Three main PCR products (227, 441, and 2166 bp) were identified. The 227- and 441-bp fragments were characterized by highly divergent nontranscribed spacer sequences (referred to as NTS-I and NTS-II) that were 109 and 324 bp long, respectively, yet their coding sequences were nearly identical. The 2166-bp 5S rDNA unit was composed of two 5S rRNA genes separated by NTS-I and followed by a 1721-bp spacer containin  ...[more]

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