Clustered cases of Oestrus ovis ophthalmomyiasis after 3-week festival, Marseille, France, 2013.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bonzon L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4313882 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundExternal ophtalmomyiasis (EOM) is a zoonosis related to the presence of Oestrus ovis larvae at the ocular level in small ruminants (i.e. ovine, caprine). In humans, EOM is a rare cosmopolitan disorder, mostly described in warm and dry rural areas in patients living close to livestock areas. In metropolitan France (excluding Corsica), EOM is an exceptional disease with less than 25 cases recorded since 1917.Case presentationWe report a case of EOM in a 19-years old man in the last week of September 2016 in Burgundy.ConclusionThe diagnosis of an EOM in Burgundy, a French region described as cold and humid, is surprising and could be due to a more marked climatic warming during the vegetative season in Burgundy resulting in the implantation of Diptera of the genus Oestrus sp. in this region.
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Project description:The SARS-CoV-2 21K/BA.1, 21L/BA.2, and BA.3 Omicron variants have recently emerged worldwide. To date, the 21L/BA.2 Omicron variant has remained very minority globally but became predominant in Denmark instead of the 21K/BA.1 variant. Here, we describe the first cases diagnosed with this variant in south-eastern France. We identified 13 cases using variant-specific qPCR and next-generation sequencing between 28/11/2021 and 31/01/2022, the first two cases being diagnosed in travelers returning from Tanzania. Overall, viral genomes displayed a mean (±standard deviation) number of 65.9 ± 2.5 (range, 61-69) nucleotide substitutions and 31.0 ± 8.3 (27-50) nucleotide deletions, resulting in 49.6 ± 2.2 (45-52) amino acid substitutions (including 28 in the spike protein) and 12.4 ± 1.1 (12-15) amino acid deletions. Phylogeny showed the distribution in three different clusters of these genomes, which were most closely related to genomes from England and South Africa, from Singapore and Nepal, or from France and Denmark. Structural predictions highlighted a significant enlargement and flattening of the surface of the 21L/BA.2 N-terminal domain of the spike protein compared to that of the 21K/BA.1 Omicron variant, which may facilitate initial viral interactions with lipid rafts. Close surveillance is needed at global, country, and center scales to monitor the incidence and clinical outcome of the 21L/BA.2 Omicron variant.
| S-EPMC9088623 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo assess the in vitro larvicidal activity of ivermectin and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against Oestrus ovis, the most frequent cause of external ophthalmomyiasis.MethodsL1 O. ovis larvae were collected from the nasal boots of sheep slaughtered in local abattoirs and transferred onto Petri dishes containing mucosal tissue (25 larvae/dish). The larvicidal activity of the following formulations was tested: 1% ivermectin suspension in balanced sterile saline solution (BSSS), 1% ivermectin solution in propylene glycol, propylene glycol, 0.6% PVP-I in hyaluronic acid vehicle (IODIM®), and combination of ivermectin 1% solution and 0.6% PVP-I. One mL of each formulation was added to different Petri dishes containing the larvae. The time needed to kill the larvae was recorded.Results893 larvae were tested. The median time needed to kill the larvae was 46, 44, 11, 6, and 10 minutes for Iodim®, ivermectin 1% suspension, propylene glycol, ivermectin 1% solution, and a combination of ivermectin 1% solution with 0.6% PVP-I, respectively. Kaplan-Meyer analysis disclosed that the survival curves were significantly lower in samples treated with ivermectin 1% solution, ivermectin 1% solution + 0.6% PVP-I, and propylene glycol than in samples receiving other treatments or BSSS.ConclusionIn this in vitro study, ivermectin 1% solution in propylene glycol, ivermectin 1% solution + 0.6% PVP-I, and propylene glycol alone showed a good, relatively rapid larvicidal activity against O. ovis larvae. Further experimental and clinical studies are necessary to establish whether, or not, these formulations may be considered as potential candidates for the topical treatment for external ophthalmomyiasis caused by O. ovis.
| S-EPMC8547687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The administration of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis near Marseille (southern France) has changed since the eradication of terrestrial mammal rabies in 2001. Most injuries were associated with indigenous dogs; rabies vaccine was overprescribed. We suggest that the World Health Organization guidelines be adapted for countries free of terrestrial mammal rabies.
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4622267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Larvae of the sheep bot fly, Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758), cause cavitary myiasis in domestic and wild hosts, including man. The complete circular O. ovis mitogenome was assembled, which is 16,584 bp in length and encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree of O. ovis and 13 related Oestridae species, with Sarcophaga tuberosa as outgroup, was built.
| S-EPMC8183549 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.MethodsWe retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).ResultsA total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).ConclusionAdministration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.
| S-EPMC7199729 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We investigated a COVID-19 outbreak at a fire station in Marseille, France. Confirmed cases were defined as individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and/or neutralising antibodies. All 85 firefighters at work during the outbreak period were included after questioning and sampled for RT-PCR and viral neutralisation assay. Twenty-three firefighters were confirmed positive, 19 of them were symptomatic, and four asymptomatic cases were confirmed by virus neutralisation. A total of 22 firefighters had specific neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Neutralising antibodies were found in four asymptomatic and 18 symptomatic cases. Eleven symptomatic cases had high titres (≥ 1:80). The earliest detection of neutralising antibodies was 7 days after symptom onset, and 80% had neutralising antibodies 15 days after onset. One viral culture was positive 13 days after onset. The attack rate was 27%. We identified two introductions of the virus in this outbreak, through a presymptomatic and a paucisymptomatic case. Asymptomatic cases were not the source of a third generation of cases, although they worked without wearing a mask, indicating that asymptomatic cases did not play a significant role in this outbreak. Management and strategy based on early research of clinical signs associated with self-quarantine was effective.
| S-EPMC8518307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo discuss two striking cases of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior, in which the larval stage of a botfly is found in the posterior segment.ObservationsIn the first case, the subretinal maggot is alive and found to be migrating under the retina. The maggot was lasered in the office and killed. In the second case, a dead maggot was discovered in the subretinal space in a child, after it had caused significant subretinal scarring and permanent vision loss.Conclusions and importanceOphthalmomyiasis is a rare condition that can often be unrecognized and result in permanent vision loss. Early diagnosis and photocoagulation of the larva (if alive) can halt progression of vision loss in these cases.
| S-EPMC6584607 | biostudies-literature