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Long-chain ?-3 fatty acid intake and endometrial cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Inflammation may be important in endometrial cancer development. Long-chain ?-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC?-3PUFAs) may reduce inflammation and, therefore, reduce cancer risk. Because body mass is associated with both inflammation and endometrial cancer risk, it may modify the association of fat intake on risk. OBJECTIVE:We examined whether intakes of LC?-3PUFAs were associated with endometrial cancer risk overall and stratified by body size and histologic subtype. DESIGN:Women were n = 87,360 participants of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials who were aged 50-79 y, had an intact uterus, and completed a baseline food-frequency questionnaire. After 13 y of follow-up, n = 1253 incident invasive endometrial cancers were identified. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association of intakes of individual ?-3 fatty acids and fish with endometrial cancer risk. RESULTS:Intakes of individual LC?-3PUFAs were associated with 15-23% linear reductions in endometrial cancer risk. In women with body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) <25, those in the upper compared with lowest quintiles of total LC?-3PUFA intake (sum of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) had significantly reduced endometrial cancer risk (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.82; P-trend = 0.001), whereas there was little evidence of an association in overweight or obese women. The reduction in risk observed in normal-weight women was further specific to type I cancers. CONCLUSIONS:Long-chain ?-3 intake was associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk only in normal-weight women. Additional studies that use biomarkers of ?-3 intake are needed to more accurately estimate their effects on endometrial cancer risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.

SUBMITTER: Brasky TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4381777 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-chain ω-3 fatty acid intake and endometrial cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Brasky Theodore M TM Rodabough Rebecca J RJ Liu Jingmin J Kurta Michelle L ML Wise Lauren A LA Orchard Tonya S TS Cohn David E DE Belury Martha A MA White Emily E Manson JoAnn E JE Neuhouser Marian L ML

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20150304 4

<h4>Background</h4>Inflammation may be important in endometrial cancer development. Long-chain ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) may reduce inflammation and, therefore, reduce cancer risk. Because body mass is associated with both inflammation and endometrial cancer risk, it may modify the association of fat intake on risk.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined whether intakes of LCω-3PUFAs were associated with endometrial cancer risk overall and stratified by body size and histologic su ...[more]

PMID: 25739930

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under five. A recent Cochrane review found a 42% reduction in early preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation) and 11% reduction in preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. To assist in the development of implementation strategies to increase pregnant women's omega-3 fatty acid intake, we assessed the awareness of Australian pregnant women about preterm birth, their nutrition and supplementation behaviours during pregnancy, and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. METHODS:A ten-minute survey was conducted online to assess the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and intentions of Australian pregnant women across three domains: (1) preterm birth; (2) nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy; and (3) omega-3 fatty acid consumption to prevent preterm birth. Participants were recruited from Survey Sampling International's research panels. RESULTS:Of the 763 women who completed the survey, less than two-thirds had heard of preterm birth. Over 55% of respondents had changed their diet during pregnancy and a prenatal dietary supplement was consumed by 82% of the women surveyed. Respondents' main source of information about preterm birth and nutrition during pregnancy was from a health professional. When asked about their intentions to increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake following a health professional's recommendation, the vast majority of participants indicated they would increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake (90%). When a hypothetical scenario was presented of an omega-3 fatty acid supplement being offered from a health service at no cost, the number of respondents who selected they would increase their intake through supplementation increased from 54 to 79%. CONCLUSIONS:The main information source for women about preterm birth and dietary supplementation recommendations during pregnancy is their health professional. Therefore, informing women about ways to prevent preterm birth, including the role of omega-3 fatty acids, should occur during antenatal visits. The results from our study are useful for clinicians caring for pregnant women and for the next stage of translation of the Cochrane review findings - the design of implementation strategies to increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy where needed.

Dataset Information

Long-chain ?-3 fatty acid intake and endometrial cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Publications

Long-chain ω-3 fatty acid intake and endometrial cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

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