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The structural biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.

ABSTRACT: Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas genomic loci encode RNA-mediated adaptive immune systems that bear some functional similarities with eukaryotic RNA interference. Acquired and heritable immunity against bacteriophage and plasmids begins with integration of ?30 base pair foreign DNA sequences into the host genome. CRISPR-derived transcripts assemble with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to target complementary nucleic acids for degradation. Here we review recent advances in the structural biology of these targeting complexes, with a focus on structural studies of the multisubunit Type I CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance and the Cas9 DNA endonuclease found in Type II CRISPR-Cas systems. These complexes have distinct structures that are each capable of site-specific double-stranded DNA binding and local helix unwinding.

SUBMITTER: Jiang F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4417044 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The structural biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.

Jiang Fuguo F Doudna Jennifer A JA

Current opinion in structural biology 20150224

Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas genomic loci encode RNA-mediated adaptive immune systems that bear some functional similarities with eukaryotic RNA interference. Acquired and heritable immunity against bacteriophage and plasmids begins with integration of ∼30 base pair foreign DNA sequences into the host genome. CRISPR-derived transcripts assemble with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to target complementary nucleic acids for degradation. Here we review recent advances in the structural biology of these ...[more]

PMID: 25723899

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Project description:Novel CRISPR-Cas systems possess substantial potential for genome editing and manipulation of gene expression. The types and numbers of CRISPR-Cas systems vary substantially between different organisms. Some filamentous cyanobacteria harbor > 40 different putative CRISPR repeat-spacer cassettes, while the number of cas gene instances is much lower. Here we addressed the types and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems and of CRISPR-like repeat-spacer arrays in 171 publicly available genomes of multicellular cyanobacteria. The number of 1328 repeat-spacer arrays exceeded the total of 391 encoded Cas1 proteins suggesting a tendency for fragmentation or the involvement of alternative adaptation factors. The model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 contains only three cas1 genes but hosts three Class 1, possibly one Class 2 and five orphan repeat-spacer arrays, all of which exhibit crRNA-typical expression patterns suggesting active transcription, maturation and incorporation into CRISPR complexes. The CRISPR-Cas system within the element interrupting the Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 fdxN gene, as well as analogous arrangements in other strains, occupy the genetic elements that become excised during the differentiation-related programmed site-specific recombination. This fact indicates the propensity of these elements for the integration of CRISPR-cas systems and points to a previously not recognized connection. The gene all3613 resembling a possible Class 2 effector protein is linked to a short repeat-spacer array and a single tRNA gene, similar to its homologs in other cyanobacteria. The diversity and presence of numerous CRISPR-Cas systems in DNA elements that are programmed for homologous recombination make filamentous cyanobacteria a prolific resource for their study. Abbreviations: Cas: CRISPR associated sequences; CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; C2c: Class 2 candidate; SDR: small dispersed repeat; TSS: transcriptional start site; UTR: untranslated region.

Dataset Information

The structural biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.

Publications

The structural biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.

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