Dataset Information

Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes. PARTICIPANTS:148,731 current, former and never-smokers of European ancestry aged ? 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio. RESULTS:The data included up to 66,809 never-smokers, 43,009 former smokers and 38,913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% CI -0.57% to -0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% CI -0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and -0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele. CONCLUSIONS:For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.

SUBMITTER: Morris RW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4538266 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.

Morris Richard W RW Taylor Amy E AE Fluharty Meg E ME Bjørngaard Johan H JH Åsvold Bjørn Olav BO Elvestad Gabrielsen Maiken M Campbell Archie A Marioni Riccardo R Kumari Meena M Korhonen Tellervo T Männistö Satu S Marques-Vidal Pedro P Kaakinen Marika M Cavadino Alana A Postmus Iris I Husemoen Lise Lotte N LL Skaaby Tea T Ahluwalia Tarun Veer Singh TV Treur Jorien L JL Willemsen Gonneke G Dale Caroline C Wannamethee S Goya SG Lahti Jari J Palotie Aarno A Räikkönen Katri K McConnachie Alex A Padmanabhan Sandosh S Wong Andrew A Dalgård Christine C Paternoster Lavinia L Ben-Shlomo Yoav Y Tyrrell Jessica J Horwood John J Fergusson David M DM Kennedy Martin A MA Nohr Ellen A EA Christiansen Lene L Kyvik Kirsten Ohm KO Kuh Diana D Watt Graham G Eriksson Johan G JG Whincup Peter H PH Vink Jacqueline M JM Boomsma Dorret I DI Davey Smith George G Lawlor Debbie D Linneberg Allan A Ford Ian I Jukema J Wouter JW Power Chris C Hyppönen Elina E Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta MR Preisig Martin M Borodulin Katja K Kaprio Jaakko J Kivimaki Mika M Smith Blair H BH Hayward Caroline C Romundstad Pål R PR Sørensen Thorkild I A TI Munafò Marcus R MR Sattar Naveed N

BMJ open 20150811 8

<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity.<h4>Design</h4>Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes.<h4>Participants</h4>148,731 curren ...[more]

PMID: 26264275

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress. PARTICIPANTS:Current, former and never smokers of European ancestry aged ?16?years from 25 studies in the Consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Binary definitions of depression, anxiety and psychological distress assessed by clinical interview, symptom scales or self-reported recall of clinician diagnosis. RESULTS:The analytic sample included up to 58?176 never smokers, 37?428 former smokers and 32?028 current smokers (total N=127?632). In observational analyses, current smokers had 1.85 times greater odds of depression (95% CI 1.65 to 2.07), 1.71 times greater odds of anxiety (95% CI 1.54 to 1.90) and 1.69 times greater odds of psychological distress (95% CI 1.56 to 1.83) than never smokers. Former smokers also had greater odds of depression, anxiety and psychological distress than never smokers. There was evidence for positive associations of smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress (ORs per cigarette per day: 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04), 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04) and 1.02 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) respectively). In Mendelian randomisation analyses, there was no strong evidence that the minor allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with depression (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.05), anxiety (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) or psychological distress (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06) in current smokers. Results were similar for former smokers. CONCLUSIONS:Findings from Mendelian randomisation analyses do not support a causal role of smoking heaviness in the development of depression and anxiety.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the association between subjective wellbeing (subjective happiness and life satisfaction) and cardiometabolic health is causal. DESIGN:Two sample, bidirectional mendelian randomisation study. SETTING:Genetic data taken from various cohorts comprised of the general population (mostly individuals of European ancestry, plus a small proportion of other ancestries); follow-up analysis included individuals from the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS:Summary data were used from previous genome wide association studies (number of participants ranging from 83?198 to 339?224), which investigated traits related to cardiovascular or metabolic health, had the largest sample sizes, and consisted of the most similar populations while minimising sample overlap. A follow-up analysis included 337?112 individuals from the UK Biobank (54% female (n=181?363), mean age 56.87 years (standard deviation 8.00) at recruitment). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Subjective wellbeing and 11 measures of cardiometabolic health (coronary artery disease; myocardial infarction; total, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol; diastolic and systolic blood pressure; body fat; waist to hip ratio; waist circumference; and body mass index). RESULTS:Evidence of a causal effect of body mass index on subjective wellbeing was seen; each 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index caused a -0.045 (95% confidence interval -0.084 to -0.006, P=0.02) standard deviation reduction in subjective wellbeing. Follow-up analysis of this association in an independent sample from the UK Biobank provided strong evidence of an effect of body mass index on satisfaction with health (?=-0.035 unit decrease in health satisfaction (95% confidence interval -0.043 to -0.027) per standard deviation increase in body mass index, P<0.001). No clear evidence of a causal effect was seen between subjective wellbeing and the other cardiometabolic health measures, in either direction. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that a higher body mass index is associated with a lower subjective wellbeing. A follow-up analysis confirmed this finding, suggesting that the effect in middle aged people could be driven by satisfaction with health. Body mass index is a modifiable determinant, and therefore, this study provides further motivation to tackle the obesity epidemic because of the knock-on effects of higher body mass index on subjective wellbeing.

Dataset Information

Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.

Publications

Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.

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