Dataset Information

Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress. PARTICIPANTS:Current, former and never smokers of European ancestry aged ?16?years from 25 studies in the Consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Binary definitions of depression, anxiety and psychological distress assessed by clinical interview, symptom scales or self-reported recall of clinician diagnosis. RESULTS:The analytic sample included up to 58?176 never smokers, 37?428 former smokers and 32?028 current smokers (total N=127?632). In observational analyses, current smokers had 1.85 times greater odds of depression (95% CI 1.65 to 2.07), 1.71 times greater odds of anxiety (95% CI 1.54 to 1.90) and 1.69 times greater odds of psychological distress (95% CI 1.56 to 1.83) than never smokers. Former smokers also had greater odds of depression, anxiety and psychological distress than never smokers. There was evidence for positive associations of smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress (ORs per cigarette per day: 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04), 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04) and 1.02 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) respectively). In Mendelian randomisation analyses, there was no strong evidence that the minor allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with depression (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.05), anxiety (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) or psychological distress (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06) in current smokers. Results were similar for former smokers. CONCLUSIONS:Findings from Mendelian randomisation analyses do not support a causal role of smoking heaviness in the development of depression and anxiety.

SUBMITTER: Taylor AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4187451 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.

Taylor Amy E AE Fluharty Meg E ME Bjørngaard Johan H JH Gabrielsen Maiken Elvestad ME Skorpen Frank F Marioni Riccardo E RE Campbell Archie A Engmann Jorgen J Mirza Saira Saeed SS Loukola Anu A Laatikainen Tiina T Partonen Timo T Kaakinen Marika M Ducci Francesca F Cavadino Alana A Husemoen Lise Lotte N LLN Ahluwalia Tarunveer Singh TS Jacobsen Rikke Kart RK Skaaby Tea T Ebstrup Jeanette Frost JF Mortensen Erik Lykke EL Minica Camelia C CC Vink Jacqueline M JM Willemsen Gonneke G Marques-Vidal Pedro P Dale Caroline E CE Amuzu Antoinette A Lennon Lucy T LT Lahti Jari J Palotie Aarno A Räikkönen Katri K Wong Andrew A Paternoster Lavinia L Wong Angelita Pui-Yee AP Horwood L John LJ Murphy Michael M Johnstone Elaine C EC Kennedy Martin A MA Pausova Zdenka Z Paus Tomáš T Ben-Shlomo Yoav Y Nohr Ellen A EA Kuh Diana D Kivimaki Mika M Eriksson Johan G JG Morris Richard W RW Casas Juan P JP Preisig Martin M Boomsma Dorret I DI Linneberg Allan A Power Chris C Hyppönen Elina E Veijola Juha J Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta MR Korhonen Tellervo T Tiemeier Henning H Kumari Meena M Porteous David J DJ Hayward Caroline C Romundstad Pål R PR Smith George Davey GD Munafò Marcus R MR

BMJ open 20141007 10

<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach.<h4>Design</h4>Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress.<h4>Participants</h4>Current, former and never smokers of Euro ...[more]

PMID: 25293386

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Project description:ObjectiveTo examine whether sleep traits have a causal effect on risk of breast cancer.DesignMendelian randomisation study.SettingUK Biobank prospective cohort study and Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) case-control genome-wide association study.Participants156 848 women in the multivariable regression and one sample mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis in UK Biobank (7784 with a breast cancer diagnosis) and 122 977 breast cancer cases and 105 974 controls from BCAC in the two sample MR analysis.ExposuresSelf reported chronotype (morning or evening preference), insomnia symptoms, and sleep duration in multivariable regression, and genetic variants robustly associated with these sleep traits.Main outcome measureBreast cancer diagnosis.ResultsIn multivariable regression analysis using UK Biobank data on breast cancer incidence, morning preference was inversely associated with breast cancer (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.98 per category increase), whereas there was little evidence for an association between sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Using 341 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronotype, 91 SNPs associated with sleep duration, and 57 SNPs associated with insomnia symptoms, one sample MR analysis in UK Biobank provided some supportive evidence for a protective effect of morning preference on breast cancer risk (0.85, 0.70, 1.03 per category increase) but imprecise estimates for sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Two sample MR using data from BCAC supported findings for a protective effect of morning preference (inverse variance weighted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93 per category increase) and adverse effect of increased sleep duration (1.19, 1.02 to 1.39 per hour increase) on breast cancer risk (both oestrogen receptor positive and oestrogen receptor negative), whereas evidence for insomnia symptoms was inconsistent. Results were largely robust to sensitivity analyses accounting for horizontal pleiotropy.ConclusionsFindings showed consistent evidence for a protective effect of morning preference and suggestive evidence for an adverse effect of increased sleep duration on breast cancer risk.

Dataset Information

Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.

Publications

Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.

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