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Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium.


ABSTRACT: Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood.Data on 141 317 participants (62 666 never, 40 669 former, 37 982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomization meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the Mendelian randomization analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers. In observational analyses, current as compared with never smoking was associated with lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and lower hypertension risk, but with higher resting heart rate. In observational analyses among current smokers, 1 cigarette/day higher level of smoking heaviness was associated with higher (0.21 bpm; 95% confidence interval 0.19; 0.24) resting heart rate and slightly higher diastolic blood pressure (0.05 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval 0.02; 0.08) and systolic blood pressure (0.08 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval 0.03; 0.13). However, in Mendelian randomization analyses among current smokers, although each smoking increasing allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with higher resting heart rate (0.36 bpm/allele; 95% confidence interval 0.18; 0.54), there was no strong association with diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, or hypertension. This would suggest a 7 bpm higher heart rate in those who smoke 20 cigarettes/day.This Mendelian randomization meta-analysis supports a causal association of smoking heaviness with higher level of resting heart rate, but not with blood pressure. These findings suggest that part of the cardiovascular risk of smoking may operate through increasing resting heart rate.

SUBMITTER: Linneberg A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4684098 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium.

Linneberg Allan A   Jacobsen Rikke K RK   Skaaby Tea T   Taylor Amy E AE   Fluharty Meg E ME   Jeppesen Jørgen L JL   Bjorngaard Johan H JH   Åsvold Bjørn O BO   Gabrielsen Maiken E ME   Campbell Archie A   Marioni Riccardo E RE   Kumari Meena M   Marques-Vidal Pedro P   Kaakinen Marika M   Cavadino Alana A   Postmus Iris I   Ahluwalia Tarunveer S TS   Wannamethee S Goya SG   Lahti Jari J   Räikkönen Katri K   Palotie Aarno A   Wong Andrew A   Dalgård Christine C   Ford Ian I   Ben-Shlomo Yoav Y   Christiansen Lene L   Kyvik Kirsten O KO   Kuh Diana D   Eriksson Johan G JG   Whincup Peter H PH   Mbarek Hamdi H   de Geus Eco J C EJ   Vink Jacqueline M JM   Boomsma Dorret I DI   Smith George Davey GD   Lawlor Debbie A DA   Kisialiou Aliaksei A   McConnachie Alex A   Padmanabhan Sandosh S   Jukema J Wouter JW   Power Chris C   Hyppönen Elina E   Preisig Martin M   Waeber Gerard G   Vollenweider Peter P   Korhonen Tellervo T   Laatikainen Tiina T   Salomaa Veikko V   Kaprio Jaakko J   Kivimaki Mika M   Smith Blair H BH   Hayward Caroline C   Sørensen Thorkild I A TI   Thuesen Betina H BH   Sattar Naveed N   Morris Richard W RW   Romundstad Pål R PR   Munafò Marcus R MR   Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta MR   Husemoen Lise Lotte N LL  

Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics 20151104 6


<h4>Background</h4>Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood.<h4>Methods and results</h4>Data on 141 317 participants (62 666 never, 40 669 former, 37 982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomization meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and resting  ...[more]

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