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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the microcirculation.

ABSTRACT: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) is responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO)--a key molecule that can directly (or indirectly) act as a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory mediator. In this review, we examine the structural effects of regulation of the eNOS enzyme, including post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. After production, NO diffuses to surrounding cells with a variety of effects. We focus on the physiological role of NO and NO-derived molecules, including microvascular effects on vessel tone and immune response. Regulation of eNOS and NO action is complicated; we address endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of NO regulation with a discussion of pharmacological agents used in clinical and laboratory settings and a proposed role for eNOS in circulating red blood cells.

SUBMITTER: Shu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4628887 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the microcirculation.

Shu Xiaohong X Keller T C Stevenson TC Begandt Daniela D Butcher Joshua T JT Biwer Lauren L Keller Alexander S AS Columbus Linda L Isakson Brant E BE

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 20150825 23

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) is responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO)--a key molecule that can directly (or indirectly) act as a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory mediator. In this review, we examine the structural effects of regulation of the eNOS enzyme, including post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. After production, NO diffuses to surrounding cells with a variety of effects. We focus on the physiological role of NO and NO-derived molecules, i ...[more]

PMID: 26390975

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