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Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells.

ABSTRACT: Cardif, also known as IPS-1, VISA, and MAVS, is an intracellular adaptor protein that functions downstream of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I family of pattern recognition receptors. Cardif is required for the production of type I IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines after retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors recognize intracellular antigenic RNA. Studies have recently shown that Cardif may have other roles in the immune system in addition to its role in viral immunity. In this study, we find that the absence of Cardif alters normal NK cell development and maturation. Cardif(-/-) mice have a 35% loss of mature CD27(-)CD11b(+) NK cells in the periphery. In addition, Cardif(-/-) NK cells have altered surface marker expression, lower cytotoxicity, decreased intracellular STAT1 levels, increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation compared with wild-type NK cells. Mixed chimeric mice revealed that the defective maturation and increased apoptotic rate of peripheral Cardif(-/-) NK cells is cell intrinsic. However, Cardif(-/-) mice showed enhanced control of mouse CMV (a DNA ?-herpesvirus) by NK cells, commensurate with increased activation and IFN-? production by these immature NK cell subsets. These results indicate that the skewed differentiation and altered STAT expression of Cardif(-/-) NK cells can result in their hyperresponsiveness in some settings and support recent findings that Cardif-dependent signaling can regulate aspects of immune cell development and/or function distinct from its well-characterized role in mediating cell-intrinsic defense to RNA viruses.

SUBMITTER: Haynes LD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4709023 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells.

Haynes LaTeira D LD Verma Shilpi S McDonald Bryan B Wu Runpei R Tacke Robert R Nowyhed Heba N HN Ekstein Jennifer J Feuvrier Ariana A Benedict Chris A CA Hedrick Catherine C CC

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20150731 5

Cardif, also known as IPS-1, VISA, and MAVS, is an intracellular adaptor protein that functions downstream of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I family of pattern recognition receptors. Cardif is required for the production of type I IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines after retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors recognize intracellular antigenic RNA. Studies have recently shown that Cardif may have other roles in the immune system in addition to its role in viral immunity. In this stud ...[more]

PMID: 26232430

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Project description:BackgroundIPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif is an adaptor protein that plays a crucial role in the induction of interferons in response to viral infection. In the initial stage of the intracellular antiviral response two RNA helicases, retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-association gene 5 (MDA5), are independently able to bind viral RNA in the cytoplasm. The 62 kDa protein IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif contains an N-terminal caspase activation and recruitment (CARD) domain that associates with the CARD regions of RIG-I and MDA5, ultimately leading to the induction of type I interferons. As a first step towards understanding the molecular basis of this important adaptor protein we have undertaken structural studies of the IPS-1 MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD region.ResultsThe crystal structure of human IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD has been determined to 2.1A resolution. The protein was expressed and crystallized as a maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion protein. The MBP and IPS-1 components each form a distinct domain within the structure. IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD adopts a characteristic six-helix bundle with a Greek-key topology and, in common with a number of other known CARD structures, contains two major polar surfaces on opposite sides of the molecule. One face has a surface-exposed, disordered tryptophan residue that may explain the poor solubility of untagged expression constructs.ConclusionThe IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD domain adopts the classic CARD fold with an asymmetric surface charge distribution that is typical of CARD domains involved in homotypic protein-protein interactions. The location of the two polar areas on IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD suggest possible types of associations that this domain makes with the two CARD domains of MDA5 or RIG-I. The N-terminal CARD domains of RIG-I and MDA5 share greatest sequence similarity with IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD and this has allowed modelling of their structures. These models show a very different charge profile for the equivalent surfaces compared to IPS-1/MAVS/VISA/Cardif CARD.

Project description:Influenza A virus can evade host innate immune response that is involved in several viral proteins with complicated mechanisms. To date, how influenza A M2 protein modulates the host innate immunity remains unclear. Herein, we showed that M2 protein colocalized and interacted with MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein) on mitochondria, and positively regulated MAVS-mediated innate immunity. Further studies revealed that M2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that was required for activation of macroautophagy/autophagy and enhancement of MAVS signaling pathway. Importantly, the proton channel activity of M2 protein was demonstrated to be essential for ROS production and antagonizing the autophagy pathway to control MAVS aggregation, thereby enhancing MAVS signal activity. In conclusion, our studies provided novel insights into mechanisms of M2 protein in modulating host antiviral immunity and uncovered a new mechanism into biology and pathogenicity of influenza A virus. Abbreviations: AKT/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase; Apo: apocynin; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BAPTA-AM: 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis; BECN1: beclin 1; CARD: caspase recruitment domain; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ: chloroquine; DCF: dichlorodihyd-rofluorescein; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium; DDX58: DExD/H-box helicase 58; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; hpi: hours post infection; IAV: influenza A virus; IFN: interferon; IP: immunoprecipitation; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISRE: IFN-stimulated response elements; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; MOI, multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NC: negative control; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; PI3K: class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RLR: RIG-I-like-receptor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEV: sendai virus; TM: transmembrane; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine methylester; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.

Dataset Information

Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells.

Publications

Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells.

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