Dataset Information

A common garden design reveals population-specific variability in potential impacts of hybridization between populations of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

ABSTRACT: Released individuals can have negative impacts on native populations through various mechanisms, including competition, disease transfer and introduction of maladapted gene complexes. Previous studies indicate that the level of farmed Atlantic salmon introgression in native populations is population specific. However, few studies have explored the potential role of population diversity or river characteristics, such as temperature, on the consequences of hybridization. We compared freshwater growth of multiple families derived from two farmed, five wild and two F1 hybrid salmon populations at three contrasting temperatures (7°C, 12°C and 16°C) in a common garden experiment. As expected, farmed salmon outgrew wild salmon at all temperatures, with hybrids displaying intermediate growth. However, differences in growth were population specific and some wild populations performed better than others relative to the hybrid and farmed populations at certain temperatures. Therefore, the competitive balance between farmed and wild salmon may depend both on the thermal profile of the river and on the genetic characteristics of the respective farmed and wild strains. While limited to F1 hybridization, this study shows the merits in adopting a more complex spatially resolved approach to risk management of local populations.

SUBMITTER: Harvey AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4778114 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A common garden design reveals population-specific variability in potential impacts of hybridization between populations of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Harvey Alison C AC Glover Kevin A KA Taylor Martin I MI Creer Simon S Carvalho Gary R GR

Evolutionary applications 20160127 3

Released individuals can have negative impacts on native populations through various mechanisms, including competition, disease transfer and introduction of maladapted gene complexes. Previous studies indicate that the level of farmed Atlantic salmon introgression in native populations is population specific. However, few studies have explored the potential role of population diversity or river characteristics, such as temperature, on the consequences of hybridization. We compared freshwater gro ...[more]

PMID: 26989435

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Project description:BackgroundInfection with the myxozoan parasite Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola causes disease in wild and farmed salmonids in Norway. In the northeast Pacific Ocean, the parasite has been reported in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. without evidence of disease. The objectives of the present study were to confirm the identity of P. pseudobranchicola in the Pacific, document its host and geographic ranges, and describe associated pathological changes.MethodsOcean-entry year wild pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch and sockeye salmon O. nerka were collected in summer and autumn surveys near Vancouver Island (VI) and from a winter survey in the Gulf of Alaska. Samples were also obtained from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and Chinook salmon near VI. Samples were analysed by qPCR and histology using conventional staining or in situ hybridisation. Parasite sequence was obtained from small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA).ResultsIdentical 1525 base-pair SSU rDNA sequences from infected pink salmon, chum salmon and Chinook salmon shared 99.93% identity with a P. pseudobranchicola sequence from Norwegian Atlantic salmon. In autumn surveys, the prevalence was greatest in chum salmon (91.8%) and pink salmon (85.9%) and less so in Chinook salmon (68.8%) and sockeye salmon (8.3%). In farmed salmon, the prevalence was zero in Atlantic salmon (n = 967) and 41% in Chinook salmon (n = 118). Infections were preferentially sited in pseudobranch and visualised by in situ hybridisation. Heavy parasite burdens in all species of Pacific salmon were inconsistently associated with focal granulomatous pseudobranchitis.ConclusionsIn the northeast Pacific, widespread occurrence of P. pseudobranchicola in Pacific salmon together with its absence or sporadic occurrence in farmed Atlantic salmon differs from its epidemiology in Norway, despite similar pathological development in the pseudobranch. Consequences of the infections to the health of wild Pacific salmon, identity of the invertebrate host and the distribution and abundance of infective actinospores are unknown and remain high priorities for research.

Dataset Information

A common garden design reveals population-specific variability in potential impacts of hybridization between populations of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Publications

A common garden design reveals population-specific variability in potential impacts of hybridization between populations of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Similar Datasets

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