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A Modified Coupled Spectrophotometric Method to Detect 2-5 Oligoadenylate Synthetase Activity in Prostate Cell Lines.

ABSTRACT: Background: 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) are interferon inducible enzymes that polymerizes ATP to 2'-5'-linked oligomers of adenylate (2-5As). As part of the innate immune response, these enzymes are activated by viral double stranded RNA or mRNAs with significant double stranded structure. The 2-5As in turn activate RNaseL that degrade single stranded RNAs. Three distinct forms of OAS exist in human cells (OAS1, 2 and 3) with each form having multiple spliced variants. The OAS enzymes and their spliced variants have different enzyme activities. OAS enzymes also play a significant role in regulating multiple cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, Single nucleotide polymorphisms that alter OAS activity are also associated with viral infection, diabetes and cancer. Thus detection of OAS enzyme activity with a simple spectrophotometric method in cells will be important in clinical research.

Results: Here we propose a modified coupled spectrophotometric assay to detect 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) enzyme activity in prostate cell lines as a model system. The OAS enzyme from prostate cancer cell lysates was purified using Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) bound activated sepharose beads. The activated OAS enzyme eluted from Sepharose beads showed expression of p46 isoform of OAS1, generally considered the most abundant OAS isoform in elutes from DU14 cell line but not in other prostate cell line. In this assay the phosphates generated by the OAS enzymatic reaction is coupled with conversion of the substrate 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine ribonucleoside (methylthioguanosine, a guanosine analogue; MESG) to a purine base product, 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine and ribose1-phosphate via a catalyst purine nucleoside phosphorylase (phosphorylase) using a commercially available pyrophosphate kit. The absorbance of the purine base product is measured at 360 nm. The higher levels of phosphates detected in DU145 cell line indicates more activity of OAS in this prostate cancer cell line.

Conclusion: The modified simple method detected OAS enzyme activity with sensitivity and specificity, which could help in detection of OAS enzymes avoiding the laborious and radioactive methods.

SUBMITTER: Bhosle SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4797170 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Modified Coupled Spectrophotometric Method to Detect 2-5 Oligoadenylate Synthetase Activity in Prostate Cell Lines.

Bhosle Sushma M SM Hunt Aisha A Chaudhary Jaideep J

Biological procedures online 20160317

<h4>Background</h4>2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) are interferon inducible enzymes that polymerizes ATP to 2'-5'-linked oligomers of adenylate (2-5As). As part of the innate immune response, these enzymes are activated by viral double stranded RNA or mRNAs with significant double stranded structure. The 2-5As in turn activate RNaseL that degrade single stranded RNAs. Three distinct forms of OAS exist in human cells (OAS1, 2 and 3) with each form having multiple spliced variants. The OAS ...[more]

PMID: 26997919

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Project description:BackgroundOligoadenylate synthetases (OASs) are widely distributed in Metazoa including sponges, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals and show large variation, with one to twelve members in any given species. Upon double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding, avian and mammalian OASs generate the second messenger 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate (2-5A), which activates ribonuclease L (RNaseL) and blocks viral replication. However, how Metazoa shape their OAS repertoires to keep evolutionary balance to virus infection is largely unknown. We performed comprehensive phylogenetic and functional analyses of OAS genes from evolutionarily lower to higher Metazoa to demonstrate how the OAS repertoires have developed anti-viral activity and diversified their functions.ResultsAncient Metazoa harbor OAS genes, but lack both upstream and downstream genes of the OAS-related pathways, indicating that ancient OASs are not interferon-induced genes involved in the innate immune system. Compared to OASs of ancient Metazoa (i.e. sponge), the corresponding ones of higher Metazoa present an increasing number of basic residues on the OAS/dsRNA interaction interface. Such an increase of basic residues might improve their binding affinity to dsRNA. Moreover, mutations of functional residues in the active pocket might lead to the fact that higher Metazoan OASs lose the ability to produce 3'-5'-linked oligoadenylate (3-5A) and turn into specific 2-5A synthetases. In addition, we found that multiple rounds of gene duplication and domain coupling events occurred in the OAS family and mutations at functionally critical sites were observed in most new OAS members.ConclusionsWe propose a model for the expansion of OAS members and provide comprehensive evidence of subsequent neo-functionalization and sub-functionalization. Our observations lay the foundation for interrogating the evolutionary transition of ancient OAS genes to host defense genes and provide important information for exploring the unknown function of the OAS gene family.

Dataset Information

A Modified Coupled Spectrophotometric Method to Detect 2-5 Oligoadenylate Synthetase Activity in Prostate Cell Lines.

Publications

A Modified Coupled Spectrophotometric Method to Detect 2-5 Oligoadenylate Synthetase Activity in Prostate Cell Lines.

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