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Efficient Syntheses of Vitamin K Chain-Shortened Acid Metabolites.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin K sequentially undergoes ?-oxidation followed by successive rounds of ?-oxidation to ultimately produce two chain-shortened carboxylic acid metabolites, vitamin K acid 1 and vitamin K acid 2. Two facile syntheses of these acid metabolites are described, each starting from commercially available menadione-cyclopentadiene adduct 3. Vitamin K acid 1 was synthesized in five steps via alkylation with a geranyl halide followed by subsequent oxidation reactions, while fully retaining the trans configuration of the side chain 2',3'-double bond. Vitamin K acid 2 was synthesized in 5 steps from 3via alkylation with dimethylallyl chloride and subsequent oxidation reactions.

SUBMITTER: Teitelbaum AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4798747 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficient Syntheses of Vitamin K Chain-Shortened Acid Metabolites.

Teitelbaum Aaron M AM Scian Michele M Nelson Wendel L WL Rettie Allan E AE

Synthesis 20150401 7

Vitamin K sequentially undergoes ω-oxidation followed by successive rounds of β-oxidation to ultimately produce two chain-shortened carboxylic acid metabolites, vitamin K acid 1 and vitamin K acid 2. Two facile syntheses of these acid metabolites are described, each starting from commercially available menadione-cyclopentadiene adduct <b>3</b>. Vitamin K acid 1 was synthesized in five steps <i>via</i> alkylation with a geranyl halide followed by subsequent oxidation reactions, while fully retain ...[more]

PMID: 27003951

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Project description:BackgroundCirculating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs-isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are strongly associated with higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, determinants of elevated fasting BCAA concentrations are largely unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the modifiable lifestyle factors related to plasma BCAAs.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis among n = 18,897 women (mean ± SD age: 54.9 ± 7.2 y) in the Women's Health Study, free of T2D and cardiovascular disease at baseline blood draw. Lifestyle factors, weight, and height were self-reported via questionnaire, including smoking status, alcohol, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), diet quality scores [2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index (without alcohol) (aHEI); alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED)], and dietary sources of BCAAs. Plasma BCAAs were quantified via NMR spectroscopy. We calculated multivariable-adjusted percentage mean differences (95% CIs) and P values for linear trend of BCAAs stratified by categoric lifestyle factors. We estimated R2 from univariate cubic spline regression models to estimate the variability in BCAAs explained.ResultsCompared with women with BMI (in kg/m2) <25.0, BCAAs were 8.6% (95% CI: 8.0%, 9.3%), 15.3% (95% CI: 14.4%, 16.3%), and 21.0% (95% CI: 18.2%, 23.9%) higher for the BMI strata 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0, respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). Women with higher LTPA and higher alcohol intake compared with lower had modestly (∼1%) lower plasma BCAAs (P-trend = 0.014 and 0.0003, respectively). Differences in smoking status, aHEI, and aMED score were not related to plasma BCAAs. Women with higher dietary BCAAs had dose-response higher plasma BCAA concentrations, 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5%, 4.4%) higher when comparing the highest with the lowest quintile (P-trend < 0.0001). BMI explained 11.6% of the variability of BCAAs, whereas other factors explained between 0.1% and 1%.ConclusionsOur findings among a large cohort of US women indicate that BMI, but less so diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors, is related to plasma BCAAs.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000479.

Dataset Information

Efficient Syntheses of Vitamin K Chain-Shortened Acid Metabolites.

Publications

Efficient Syntheses of Vitamin K Chain-Shortened Acid Metabolites.

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