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Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection.

ABSTRACT: Recent successes with monoclonal antibody cocktails ZMapp(TM) and MIL77 against Ebola virus (EBOV) infections have reignited interest in antibody-based therapeutics. Since the production process for monoclonal antibodies can be prolonged and costly, alternative treatments should be investigated. We produced purified equine antisera from horses hyperimmunized with EBOV virus-like particles, and tested the post-exposure efficacy of the antisera in a mouse model of infection. BALB/c mice were given up to 2?mg of purified equine antisera per animal, at 30?minutes, 1 or 2 days post-infection (dpi), in which all animals survived. To decrease the possibility of serum sickness, the equine antisera was digested with pepsin to generate F(ab')2 fragments, with in vitro neutralizing activity comparable to whole immunoglobulin. Full protection was achieved with when treatment was initiated at 1?dpi, but the suboptimal protection observed with the 30?minute and 2?dpi groups demonstrate that in addition to virus neutralization, other Fc-dependent antibody mechanisms may also contribute to survival. Guinea pigs given 20?mg of antisera or F(ab')2 at or starting at 1 or 2?dpi were also fully protected from EBOV infection. These results justify future efficacy studies for purified equine products in NHPs.

SUBMITTER: Zheng X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4828711 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection.

Zheng Xuexing X Wong Gary G Zhao Yongkun Y Wang Hualei H He Shihua S Bi Yuhai Y Chen Weijin W Jin Hongli H Gai Weiwei W Chu Di D Cao Zengguo Z Wang Chong C Fan Quanshui Q Chi Hang H Gao Yuwei Y Wang Tiecheng T Feng Na N Yan Feihu F Huang Geng G Zheng Ying Y Li Nan N Li Yuetao Y Qian Jun J Zou Yong Y Kobinger Gary G Gao George Fu GF Qiu Xiangguo X Yang Songtao S Xia Xianzhu X

Scientific reports 20160412

Recent successes with monoclonal antibody cocktails ZMapp(TM) and MIL77 against Ebola virus (EBOV) infections have reignited interest in antibody-based therapeutics. Since the production process for monoclonal antibodies can be prolonged and costly, alternative treatments should be investigated. We produced purified equine antisera from horses hyperimmunized with EBOV virus-like particles, and tested the post-exposure efficacy of the antisera in a mouse model of infection. BALB/c mice were given ...[more]

PMID: 27067649

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Project description:Venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (EEV) can cause severe disease of the central nervous system in humans, potentially leading to permanent damage or death. Yet, no licensed vaccine for human use is available to protect against these mosquito-borne pathogens, which can be aerosolized and therefore pose a bioterror threat in addition to the risk of natural outbreaks. Using the mouse aerosol challenge model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of EEV vaccines that are based on the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN®) vaccine platform: three monovalent vaccines expressing the envelope polyproteins E3-E2-6K-E1 of the respective EEV virus, a mixture of these three monovalent EEV vaccines (Triple-Mix) as a first approach to generate a multivalent vaccine, and a true multivalent alphavirus vaccine (MVA-WEV, Trivalent) encoding the polyproteins of all three EEVs in a single non-replicating MVA viral vector. BALB/c mice were vaccinated twice in a four-week interval and samples were assessed for humoral and cellular immunogenicity. Two weeks after the second immunization, animals were exposed to aerosolized EEV. The majority of vaccinated animals exhibited VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV neutralizing antibodies two weeks post-second administration, whereby the average VEEV neutralizing antibodies induced by the monovalent and Trivalent vaccine were significantly higher compared to the Triple-Mix vaccine. The same statistical difference was observed for VEEV E1 specific T cell responses. However, all vaccinated mice developed comparable interferon gamma T cell responses to the VEEV E2 peptide pools. Complete protective efficacy as evaluated by the prevention of mortality and morbidity, lack of clinical signs and viremia, was demonstrated for the respective monovalent MVA-EEV vaccines, the Triple-Mix and the Trivalent single vector vaccine not only in the homologous VEEV Trinidad Donkey challenge model, but also against heterologous VEEV INH-9813, WEEV Fleming, and EEEV V105-00210 inhalational exposures. These EEV vaccines, based on the safe MVA vector platform, therefore represent promising human vaccine candidates. The trivalent MVA-WEV construct, which encodes antigens of all three EEVs in a single vector and can potentially protect against all three encephalitic viruses, is currently being evaluated in a human Phase 1 trial.

Project description:The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus cause severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans and nonhuman primates. Among the most promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that expresses a single filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). Here, we performed a proof-of-concept study in order to determine the potential of having one single-injection vaccine capable of protecting nonhuman primates against Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV), Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus (CIEBOV), and Marburgvirus (MARV). In this study, 11 cynomolgus monkeys were vaccinated with a blended vaccine consisting of equal parts of the vaccine vectors VSVDeltaG/SEBOVGP, VSVDeltaG/ZEBOVGP, and VSVDeltaG/MARVGP. Four weeks later, three of these animals were challenged with MARV, three with CIEBOV, three with ZEBOV, and two with SEBOV. Three control animals were vaccinated with VSV vectors encoding a nonfilovirus GP and challenged with SEBOV, ZEBOV, and MARV, respectively, and five unvaccinated control animals were challenged with CIEBOV. Importantly, none of the macaques vaccinated with the blended vaccine succumbed to a filovirus challenge. As expected, an experimental control animal vaccinated with VSVDeltaG/ZEBOVGP and challenged with SEBOV succumbed, as did the positive controls challenged with SEBOV, ZEBOV, and MARV, respectively. All five control animals challenged with CIEBOV became severely ill, and three of the animals succumbed on days 12, 12, and 14, respectively. The two animals that survived CIEBOV infection were protected from subsequent challenge with either SEBOV or ZEBOV, suggesting that immunity to CIEBOV may be protective against other species of Ebola virus. In conclusion, we developed an immunization scheme based on a single-injection vaccine that protects nonhuman primates against lethal challenge with representative strains of all human pathogenic filovirus species.

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Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection.

Publications

Treatment with hyperimmune equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments completely protects rodents from Ebola virus infection.

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